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Topic 14 vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| test of significance | assess the evidence for a claim about a population |
| statistical interference | provides methods for drawing conclusions about a population from sample data |
| upper critical value | the number Z with probability p lying to its right under the standard normal curve |
| null hypothesis | says that there is no effect or no change in the population |
| tests for significance | is intended to access the evidence provided by data against a null hypothesis |
| alternative hypothesis | says that there is an effect or change in the population |
| oneside alternative | a parameter differs from its null value in a specific direction |
| twoside alternative | a parameter differs from its null value in either direction |
| p value | is the probability that the test statistic will take a value at least as extreme as that actually observed |
| statistically significant | the p value is as small or smaller than a specified value ∝ |
| test statistic | based on a statistic that estimates the parameter that appears in the hypothesis |
| decision analysis | regards statistical interference in general as giving rules for making decision in the presence of uncertainty |
| power | (of a significance test) measures its ability to detect an alternative hypothesis |
| Type 1 error | occurs when we reject H₀ when it is in fact true |
| Type 2 error | occurs when we accept H₀ when in fact Ha |
| acceptance sampling | one such circumstance that calls for a decision or action as the end result of inference |
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