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Bio Chapter Two
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many elements in the body | 24 of them have normal roles in humans |
| Nucleus | neutrons and protons |
| Neutrons | uncharged particles |
| Protons | positively charged particles |
| Electrons | negatively charged |
| Atomic number—equal | number of protons |
| Atomic weight | protons, and neutrons |
| Molecule: Particle formed | two or more atoms |
| electrons of atoms | determine atom’s chemical behavior. |
| Electrons occupy electron shells. | |
| Valence electrons | outermost shell that interacts with other atoms |
| Octet Rule | chemical bonding (S,p,d = 2,8,8 electrons) |
| Ion: | electrically charged atom |
| Cation: | positively charged ion |
| Anion: | negatively charged ion |
| Ionic Bonds: | ions of opposite charge attract |
| Covalent Bonds: | share electrons |
| Hydrogen bonds: | Relatively weak attraction |
| Chemical reactions | when chemical bonds form or break between atoms, ions, or molecules |
| Synthesis Reaction: | more complex chemical structure is formed |
| Decomposition Reaction: | bonds are broken to simple chemical structure |
| Exchange/Replacement Reaction: | chemical bonds are broken and new bonds are formed |
| Double Replacement | : Reaction of Silver Nitrate and Sodium Chloride Chemical Equation: 2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2H2O |
| Reversible Reaction: | the products can change back to the reactants |
| Electrolytes | Substances that release ions in water |
| Acids: | release hydrogen ions in water. |
| Bases | release ions that can combine with hydrogen ions. |
| Salts | reaction between an acid and a base. |
| Neutral: | A p H of 7 |
| Acidic: | A p H of <7 (GREATEER THAN 7) |
| Basic (alkaline): | A pH >7 (LESS THSN 7) |
| Normal blood range | pH is 7.35 through 7.45 |
| Acidosis | makes a person feel fatigued, lethargy, muscle weakness, high heart rate |
| Alkalosis | makes a person feel dizzy, confused, anxiety, muscle spasms, cramps, stimulation of nervous system, irregular heart rythms |
| Organic molecules | Contain C and H Carbon and hydrogen |
| Inorganic molecules | Generally do not contain C and H |
| Proteins | carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur |
| Macromolecule Function | Structure , Enzymatic catalysis, Regulation Movement , Immune system |
| Amino acids | 20 amino acids |
| Peptide bond | amino acids |
| Nucleotides | Phosphate, Pentose sugar, nitrogenous bases |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
| RNA | Ribonucleic acid |
Created by:
TionneP01