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Plate Movement
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Crust | Earth's outer layer; The coolest and least dense layer of Earth. See also core , mantle |
| mantle | The layer of Earth beneath the crust . It is about 2,900 km (1,800 mi) thick , and makes up about 83 percent of Earth's interior. See also core and crust |
| outer core | a liquid layer, approximately 2,200 km (1,367 miles) thick, composed mainly of iron and nickel, located between Earth's mantle and inner core |
| inner core | the solid, innermost layer of Earth, acting as a, "planet within a planet" at the planet's center |
| latitude | the distance north or south of equator is measured in degrees . See also longitude |
| longitude | The distance east or west of the prime meridian in Greenwich , England; measured in degrees . See also latitude |
| oceanic ridge | a continuous, 65,000–80,000 km long underwater mountain range formed by plate tectonics, where tectonic plates diverge and magma rises to create new seafloor |
| sea-floor spreading | a geological process where tectonic plates pull apart at mid-ocean ridges, allowing magma to rise from the mantle, harden, and create new oceanic crust |
| divergent boundary | a linear feature where two tectonic plates move apart, creating a "constructive" boundary that forms new crust |
| convergent boundary | a location where two or more tectonic plates move toward each other and collide |
| transform boundary | a tectonic plate boundary where two plates slide horizontally past one another, neither creating nor destroying lithosphere |
| subduction | the sideways and downward movement of the edge of a plate of the earth's crust into the mantle beneath another plate. |
| ocean trench | Long , deep formation on the ocean floor that develops where two tectonic plates are moving toward each other, and one is moving under the other |
| tectonic plate | A piece of Earth's crust that, according tom plate tectonics , is pushed by movement in the asthenosphere |
| lithosphere | the rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle |
| fracture | the cracking or breaking of a hard object or material. |
| elasticity | the ability of a material to return to its original shape after deformation or the measure of how sensitive one economic variable is to changes in another |
| stress | the body’s natural, automatic reaction to challenges, demands, or threats |
| strain | force (a part of one's body or oneself) to make a strenuous or unusually great effort. |
| plate boundary | the edges where Earth's tectonic plates meet |
| continental crust | the relatively thick part of the earth's crust that forms the large landmasses. It is generally older and more complex than the oceanic crust. |
| oceanic crust | the relatively thin part of the earth's crust which underlies the ocean basins. It is geologically young compared with the continental crust and consists of basaltic rock overlain by sediments. |
| friction | the resistance that one surface or object encounters when moving over another. |
| rift valley | a large elongated depression with steep walls formed by the downward displacement of a block of the earth's surface between nearly parallel faults or fault systems. |
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