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In Re Gault

Term/Concepts of In Re Gault Case

TermDefinition
In re Gault Landmark 1967 Supreme Court case that extended due process rights to juveniles in delinquency proceedings
Gerald Gault 15-year-old boy at the center of the case accused of making an obscene phone call
Juvenile Court A court system designed to handle cases involving minors traditionally more informal than adult courts
Due Process Constitutional guarantee under the 14th Amendment requiring fair legal procedures
14th Amendment Amendment that ensures due process and equal protection under the law
Delinquency Proceeding Legal process in juvenile court to determine whether a minor committed an offense
Notice of Charges Requirement that the accused be informed of the specific charges against them
Right to Counsel The right to have an attorney present during legal proceedings
Right Against Self-Incrimination Protection under the 5th Amendment preventing individuals from being forced to testify against themselves
Right to Confront Witnesses The right to cross-examine witnesses testifying against the accused
Informal Proceedings Traditional juvenile court approach lacking formal legal protections prior to Gault
Parens Patriae Doctrine allowing the state to act as a guardian for minors
Procedural Safeguards Legal protections to ensure fairness in the justice system
Petition Formal document filed in juvenile court alleging wrongdoing
Detention Holding a juvenile in custody before a hearing
Adjudication Juvenile court equivalent of a trial determining responsibility
Disposition Sentencing phase in juvenile court after adjudication
Waiver of Rights Voluntary relinquishment of legal rights must be knowing and intelligent
Kent v. United States Earlier case 1966 that granted due process rights in juvenile transfer hearings
Incorporation Doctrine Legal concept applying Bill of Rights protections to states via the 14th Amendment
Justice Abe Fortas Supreme Court Justice who wrote the majority opinion in In re Gault
Majority Opinion The official ruling agreed upon by most justices
Dissenting Opinion Opinion written by justices who disagreed with the majority
Rehabilitation Goal of juvenile justice system focused on reform rather than punishment
Fundamental Fairness Legal principle requiring fairness in judicial proceedings
Transcript Official written record of court proceedings absent in Gault case
Notification of Parents Requirement that parents or guardians be informed of juvenile proceedings
Probation Officer Court official who supervises juveniles and reports to the court
Commitment Placement of a juvenile in a detention or correctional facility
Bill of Rights First ten amendments to the Constitution guaranteeing individual liberties
Civil Liberties Basic rights and freedoms protected by the Constitution
Created by: mlwhittier
 

 



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