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Blood Supply > Brain

Chapter 13 - A & P Lecture

QuestionAnswer
The brain receives..... 15–20% of the heart’s output
The brain has a.... high metabolic rate
The brain relies almost entirely on.... oxygen & glucose
Even a brief interruption can cause: Unconsciousness within seconds Irreversible brain damage within minutes
The brain is supplied by two major arterial systems: Internal Carotid Arteries & Vertebral Arteries
Internal Carotid Arteries Supply the anterior (front) portion of the brain
Vertebral Arteries Supply the posterior (back) portion
blood-brain barrier (BBB) a selective permeability barrier that controls what enters brain tissue
Three main components determine its selectivity: Endothelial Cells, Astrocytes, Basement Membrane
Endothelial Cells Capillaries in the brain are sealed tightly Prevent free passage of substances
Astrocytes Astrocytes (supporting glial cells) wrap around capillaries Regulate capillary permeability
Basement Membrane Provides structural support Adds another layer of filtration
Lipid-soluble substances pass through the BBB by diffusion: nicotine, ethanol, heroin
Water soluble substances move through the BBB by mediated transport: amino acids, glucose.
 

 



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