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Bio 1 Intro quiz

Bio 1 intro quiz

QuestionAnswer
Cell -Basic and fundamental unit of life -Possesses a highly organized structure -Enables it to carry out vital functions
Characteristics of all living things 1. stimulus and response 2. require energy 3. grow and reproduce 4. produce waste
The Cell Theory -Cells are the basic building block of life -All cells come from pre existing cells -All living things are made up of cells
Purpose of cells 1. Cellular respiration: glucose+O2=energy+H2O+CO2 2. Absorption: Bring water and nutrients to the cell 3. Excretion: remove waste products from cells 4. Biosynthesis: make larger molecules out of smaller ones.
TYPES OF CELLS (1) TYPES OF CELL 1: PROKARYOTIC Missing a defined nucleus: Plant cell
TYPES OF CELLS (2) TYPES OF CELL 2: EUKARYOTIC Have a defined nucleus: Animal cell
STRUCTURE OF A CELL - CYTOPLASM The liquid, aqueous solution found within a cell
STRUCTURE OF A CELL - ORGANELLES Little organs that sit inside the cytoplasm
STRUCTURE OF A CELL - CELLS ARE Surrounded by a membrane that separates them from the outside
ALL ORGANELLES Cell membrane, nucleus, ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, lysosome, cell wall, plastids
Organelles definition a membrane bound compartment inside the cytoplasm that performs specific metabolic functions.
CELL WALL -Only found in plant cells -BARRIER BETWEEN THE EXTERIOR AND THE CELL MEMBRANE -Firm but PORUS -GIVES PLANT SHAPE/STRUCTURE
ORGANALLE: CELL MEMBRANE A selective barrier between the interior and exterior -Regulates what goes in and out of the cell -Made of phospholipid bilayer
ORGANALLE: CYTOPLASM -Gel like matrix containing water, salts, protiens, and nutrients -OCCUPIES SPACE BETWEEN CELL MEMBRANE AND NUCLEUS -Crucial role in substance transport, PROVIDES STRUCTURE TO THE CELL
ORGANALLE: CELL NUCLEUS BRAIN OF THE CELL -Contains GENETIC MATERIAL: DNA -Surrounded by a membrae -FILLED WITH NUCLEOPLASM
DNA DOUBLE STRAND -Found in NUCLEOUS
RNA SINGLE STRAND -found in CYTOPLASM
DNA AND RNA Are chemical storage of blueprint to keep the cell alive and functioning
ORGANALLE: RIBOSOM -USED TO PRODUCE PROTIENS -very small -There are free ribosome, which float in cytoplasm -There are also ribosome attached to the membrane of the ER
ORGANALLE: ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM A system of transport tubes/canals attached to the nuclear envelope COMPOSED OF TWO REGIONS: ROUGH ER AND SMOOTH ER
Rough ER RER, Has ribsomes and is site of PROTIEN PRODUCTION
Smooth ER SER, Has n oribsomes and is site of FAT/LIPID PRODUCTION
ORGANALLE: GOLGI APPARATUS "Shipping centre" -Stacks of membranous tubes that package proteins into vesticles to be released outside of the cell
ORGANALLE: VESTICLES Comes from the golgi apparatus (Stacks of tubes that package proteins) -Transports specific materials between organelles and cell membrane
ORGANALLE: LYSOSOMES -Found in animal cells, formed by golgi apparatus -Contain proteins that help DIGEST FOOD, KILL BACTERIA, BREAKDOWN DEAD CELLS, SUICIDE SAC=APOPTOSIS White blood cells have many of these
ORGANALLE: MITOCHONDRIA POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL Site of cellular respiration and FLOATS IN THE CYTOPLASM
Cellular respiration O2+glucose = CO2+H2O+ATP energy
ORGANALLE: PLASTICIDES Found only in plant cells Different types=different functions CHLOROPLAST, AMYLOPLAST, and CHROMOPLAST
PLASTICIDES: Chloroplast SITE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
PLASTICIDES: Amyloplast STORES STARCH
PLASTICIDES: Chromoplast PIGMENT
ORGANALLE: VACUOLES One large one in plant cell AND few very small ones in animal cell Large membrane bound sac: contains a watery solution with dissolved sugars, proteins, and minerals
PRESSURE FROM WATER IN THE VACUOLES TURGOR PRESSURE which prevents plants from wilting
PATHWAY OF PROTEIN PRODUCTION STEP 1 1. NUCLEOSOMES MAKE RIBOSOMES
PATHWAY OF PROTEIN PRODUCTION STEP 2 2. RIBOSOMES LEAVE THE NUCLEUS
PATHWAY OF PROTEIN PRODUCTION STEP 3 3. PROTEINS TRAVEL TO GOLGI BODY
PATHWAY OF PROTEIN PRODUCTION STEP 4 4. GOLGI BODY MODIFIES PROTIENS
Pathway of protein production all four steps 1. nucleosomes make ribsomes 2. ribsomes leave the nucleus 3. proteins travel to golgi body 4. golgi body modifies protiens, packages protiens, and kicks them out of the cell.
Created by: izzy_girard
 

 



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