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Chapter 13
Learners with low incidence, multiple, and severe disabilities
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Traumatic Brain Injury | Disruption in normal brain function caused by external forces. |
| Open head injuries | Type of traumatic brain injury. The skull is broken and the brain is exposed or directly damaged by an object. |
| Closed head injuries | Type of Traumatic Brain Injury where the brain is injured without the skull being broken. |
| Motor-Speech Disorder | Condition where a person has difficulty producing speech because of problems with the muscles or brain systems that control speaking, not because they don’t understand language. |
| Chronic traumatic Encephalopathy | Brain condition caused by repeated head injuries or repeated mild Traumatic Brain Injury, especially over many years. |
| Behavior Modification | Psychological approach that focuses on changing observable behaviors using principles of learning, especially reinforcement and consequences. |
| Behavior management | To understand, guide, and improve behavior, especially in structured settings like classrooms, therapy, or caregiving. It includes strategies to prevent problem behaviors, teach appropriate ones, and respond effectively when issues occur. |
| Usher Syndrome | Is a rare inherited condition that affects both hearing and vision, and sometimes balance. It’s one of the most common causes of combined deafness and blindness. |
| Charge Syndrome | Is a rare genetic condition that affects multiple parts of the body, especially the eyes, ears, heart, and growth/development. |
| Retinitis Pigmentosa | Group of genetic eye disorders that cause gradual loss of vision due to damage to the retina (the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye). |
| Night blindness | Also called nyctalopia, is a condition where a person has difficulty seeing in low light or at night. |
| Tunnel Vision | Type of vision loss where a person loses side vision but retains central vision, making it feel as if they are looking through a narrow “tunnel.” |
| Prenatal | Refers to the period before birth, during the development of the fetus in the womb. It covers everything that happens from conception until birth. |
| Rubella | Contagious viral infection that usually causes a mild rash and fever in children and adults. However, it is especially dangerous during pregnancy, as it can harm the developing fetus. |
| German Measles | Another name for rubella, a mild viral infection that primarily causes a rash and fever. It is most dangerous for pregnant women, as it can lead to Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) in the fetus. |
| Congenital Cytomegalovirus | Is an infection that occurs when a baby is infected with cytomegalovirus (CMV) before birth, usually because the mother contracted CMV during pregnancy. |
| Postnatal | |
| Meningitis | |
| Protractile ASL | |
| Braile | |
| Adapted Signs | |
| Orientation and Mobility | |
| Assistance Cards | |
| Augmentative and Alternative Communication | |
| Functional Behavioral assessment | |
| Positive Behavioral support | |
| Self-Stimulation | |
| Self-injurious behavior | |
| Tantrums | |
| Positive behavioral intervention and support | |
| Neonatal Intensive care units | |
| Developmentally appropriate practice | Educational framework in which teaching and activities are designed to match the developmental level, interests, and needs of each child. |
| Sheltered Workshop | Type of employment program designed for people with disabilities who may not yet be ready for competitive employment. |
| Competitive employment | Type of work in which a person earns wages in a regular job in the community, rather than in a sheltered or supported setting, based on their skills and abilities. |
| Self-determination | Ability of a person to control their own life, make choices, and set personal goals, rather than having decisions made for them by others. |
| Person-centered plans | Planning support and services around the unique needs, goals, and preferences of an individual rather than focusing only on diagnoses or standard programs. |
| Natural supports | Non-professional resources in a person’s life that help them function, cope, and participate in daily activities. These supports come from family, friends, neighbors, or community members, rather than paid caregivers or professionals. |
| Job coach | Helps you get a job that provides you with special training when having a disability. |
| Daily living skills | Are the basic tasks a person needs to take care of themselves and live independently. |
Created by:
Joy Pack