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ant test 2 vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| play | generalized form of behavioral opennes (creative, imaginative, curiousness). its a product of our biocultural heritage |
| metacommunication | to situate self within the context and social relationships of participants during play |
| framing | a cognitive boundary that marks certain behaviors as play or ordinary life |
| reflexivity | crtically thinking about the way one thinks; reflecting on one's own experience |
| sport | a physically ecertive activity that is competitve with constraints imposed by rules and definitions. is ritualistic and gamelike. consists of play, work, and leisure |
| art | play with form producint aesthetically successful transformation-representation |
| transformation-representation | the process in which expereince is transformed as it is represented symbollicaly in a different medium |
| myth | stories that recount how various aspects of the world came to be the way they are |
| orthodoxy | "correct doctrine" prohibition od deviation from approved mythic texts |
| orthoproxy | "correct practice" prohibition of deviation from approved forms of ritual behavior |
| ritual | a repetitve social practice compsed of a sequence of symbolic activities. closely related to the types of ideas taht are encoded in myths |
| rites of passage | life-cycle marking tradition from one social status to another |
| liminality | the transitional state in a rite of passage in which the person is undergoing the ritual outside of their ordinary social positions (cadets in army training) |
| communitas | minimally structured community of equal individuals found frequently in rites of passage |
| worldview | encompassing picture of reality shaped by cultural assumptions |
| religioni | ideas and practices that postulate relaity beyond which is immediately available to the senses |
| social metaphor | worldview whose medel for the world is social order |
| organic metaphor | wordlview that applies the image of the body to social structures and institutions |
| technological metaphor | worldview that emplys objects made by humans as metaphorical predicates. society as a machine |
| shaman | a religious figure who communicvates the needs of the living with the spirirt world, through trance or other sltered state of consiousness |
| priest | religious practioner skilled in the rpactice of religious rituals, which they carry out for the benefit of the group |
| witchcraft | the performace of evil by human beings believed to possess an inate, nonhmuan power to do evil, wether or not it is intentional or self-aware |
| magic | a set of beliefs and practices designed to control the visable or invisable world for specific purposes |
| oracles | invisiblae forces to which people address questions and whose repsonses they beleive to be truthful |
| syncretism | the synthesis of old religious practices with new religious practices introduced fomr outside, often by firce |
| revitalization | a consious, deliberate, and organized attempt by some members of a society to create a more satisfying culture in a time of crisis |
| ideology | a worldview that justified the social arrangemwntrs under which people live |
| securalism | the seperation of religion and state |
| power | "transformative" capacity - the ability to choose, to act, or resist |
| interpersonal power | the abilityof one individual to impose their will on anotehr individual (parent-child) |
| organizatinoal power | the power of a group to limit actions of others and to promote its own interests (local governments) |
| global structural power | power regulated to institutions or governments with many functional parts (world trade organization) |
| free agency | the freedom of self-sontained individuals to pursue their own interests above everything else and to challenge another for dominance |
| coersion | power understood as physical force |
| anarchy | absence of a state |
| domination | coersive rule; rule by force prone to violence or exploitation |
| hegemony | rule by persuasion; mutual accomidation; benefits offered to subjects in order to perserve position of ruler and elites |
| biopower | preoccupied with bodies - the bodies of citizens and collective body of society |
| governmentality | refers to how states manage people through systems, data, and monitoring |
| persuasion | power based on verbal argument |
| consensus | an agreement to which all parties collectively give their consent |
| anomie | persuasive sense of rootlessness and normlessness in a society |
| alientation | describe the deep seperation that workers seem to experience between their innermost sense of identity and the labor they were forced to perform |
| bargaining for reality | concept to understand how pwoer plays out in everday context |
| economic anthropology | studies economic systems and motivations in cross-cultural perspective |
| subsistnce strategies | patterns of production, distribution, and consumption that members of a society employ to ensure the satisfaction of the basic material survival needs |
| food collectors | those who gather, fish, or hunt for food |
| food producers | those who depend on domesticated plants or animals for food |
| extensive agriculture | cleaning and burning uncultivated land to plant crops. move every couple of years |
| intensive agriculture | using fertilizer, irrigation, and other methids to plant crops. use the same fields year after eyar |
| mechanicized indistrial agriculture | largescale farming and animal husbandry that is highly dependednt on industrial methods of technology and production |
| modes of exchange | patterns according to which distribution takes place |
| reciprocity | exhvange of goods and services of equal value |
| generalized reciprocity | niether time nor value ot return is specified - not expecting or needing anything in exchange |
| balanced reciprocity | a return of equal value is expected |
| negative | parties hope to get something for nothing |
| redistribution | mode of exchange that requires some from of centralized organization to recieve economic contributions from all members and to redistribute them in a way that every members is provided for |
| market exchange | the exchange of goods calculated in terms of a multipirpose medium of exchange and standard value and carried on through supply and demand |
| production | transformation fo nature's raw materials into a form suitable for use |
| distribution | the allocation of goods and services |
| consumption | using up material goods needed for human survival |
| mode of production | method of producing the necesseties of life; unity of productive forces and relations of production |
| means of production | tools, skill, sorganization, and knowledge used to extract energy from nature |
| relations os production | social relations linking the people who use a given means of production within a particular mode of production |
Created by:
c-sneller