This word is used mostly in the OT (Heb. Kapbar). It is used only once in the NT (Rom. 5:11). Atonement as used in the OT means “cover," "to expiate or condone, to placate," “to appease, to reconcile.” Etymologically, to atone means “make at one” again.

Used in the theological context, forgiveness is judicial and not emotional. A person who is forgiven is one who has his status restored, as in the case of the prodigal son.

Justification is a judicial act of God. The moment a person confesses theLord as his Saviour, he is immediately justified (an act), and he stands fully justified as all other believers (Rom. 5:1, 9; 8:30; 1Cor.6:11; Gal.2:16)

This refers to the act by which God's wrath is appeased by an appropriate sacrifice (Rom. 3:24-25; 1 John 2:2; 4:10).

Ransom and Redemption

In theology, ransom refers to the price paid by Christ to God as the provision for appeasing God's wrath. And by the payment of that ransom, sinners are redeemed, they are delivered from the bondage and the burden of sins (Mark 10:45; 1 Tim. 2:5-6).

This is similar to "vicarious atonement.” Christ died on our behalf. He died "in the place" of sinners. He is our most worthy Substitute on the cross. John 1:29;2 Cor.5:21;Gal.3:13;Heb.9:28; 1 Pet. 2:24).

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Christology Exam

Term	Definition
Atonement	This word is used mostly in the OT (Heb. Kapbar). It is used only once in the NT (Rom. 5:11). Atonement as used in the OT means “cover," "to expiate or condone, to placate," “to appease, to reconcile.” Etymologically, to atone means “make at one” again.
Forgiveness	Used in the theological context, forgiveness is judicial and not emotional. A person who is forgiven is one who has his status restored, as in the case of the prodigal son.
Justification	Justification is a judicial act of God. The moment a person confesses theLord as his Saviour, he is immediately justified (an act), and he stands fully justified as all other believers (Rom. 5:1, 9; 8:30; 1Cor.6:11; Gal.2:16)
Propitiation	This refers to the act by which God's wrath is appeased by an appropriate sacrifice (Rom. 3:24-25; 1 John 2:2; 4:10).
Ransom and Redemption	In theology, ransom refers to the price paid by Christ to God as the provision for appeasing God's wrath. And by the payment of that ransom, sinners are redeemed, they are delivered from the bondage and the burden of sins (Mark 10:45; 1 Tim. 2:5-6).
Substitution	This is similar to "vicarious atonement.” Christ died on our behalf. He died "in the place" of sinners. He is our most worthy Substitute on the cross. John 1:29;2 Cor.5:21;Gal.3:13;Heb.9:28; 1 Pet. 2:24).

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