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HW CH 11D.2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| acute liver disease caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV) lasting from a few weeks to several months it does not lead to chronic infection | ingestion of fecal matter even microscopic amounts from close person to person contact or ingestion of contaminated foods or drinks once you have had HAV you cannot get it again |
| liver disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) it ranges in severity from a mild illness to lasting a few weeks acute to a serious long term chronic illness that can lead to liver disease or cancer an infection occurs when blood or body fluids from a | contact with infectious blood semen and other body fluids sharing contaminated needles to inject drugs or from an infected birthing parent to the newborn hepatitis B virus can remain active in dried blood for several days so proper precautions must be fol |
| liver disease caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) HCV infection sometimes results in an acute illness but most often becomes a chronic condition that can lead to cirrhosis of the liver and liver cancer | contacts with the blood of an infected person primarily through sharing contaminated needles to inject drugs |
| serious liver disease caused by hepatitis D virus (HDV) which relies on HBV to replicate it is uncommon in the United States | contact with infectious blood similar to mechanisms by which HBV is spread |
| hepatitis E is a serious liver disease caused by the hepatitis E virus (HEV) it usually results in an acute infection and does not lead to chronic infection while rare in the United States hepatitis E is common in many parts of the world it is found in th | ingestion of fecal matter even in microscopic amounts outbreaks are usually associated with contaminated water supply in countries with poor sanitation transmission from person to person occurs less commonly than with HAV |
| tuberculosis (TB) | caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis an airborne -pathogen |
| AIDS is caused by Bloodborne virus (HIV) and is transmitted by | vaginal, oral and anal sex, sharing needles to inject drugs, body piercings, or tattooing, contaminated blood products (rare), infected birthing parent to newborn |
| person with latent TB infection | Person with TB disease |
| has no symptoms | has symptoms that may include bad cough that lasts 3 weeks or longer, pain in the chest, coughing up blood or sputum, weakness or fatigue, weight loss, no appetite, chills, fever, sweating at night |
| does not feel sick | usually feels sick |
| cannot spread TB bacteria to others | may spread TB bacteria to others |
| usually has a skin test or blood test resulting indiciating TB infection | usually has a skin test or blood test resulting indiciating TB infection |
| has a normal chest x-ray and a negative sputum smear | may have an abnormal chest x-ray or positive sputum smear or culture |
| needs treatment for latent TB infection to prevent active TB disease | needs treatment to treat active TB disease |
| MRSA infections occurring outside of the healthcare setting in otherwise healthy people is known as CA-MRSA (community associated) | approximately 25-30% of the population if colonized when bacteria are present but not causing an infection in the nose with staph bacteria and about 5% are colonized with MRSA |
| MRSA (methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus) is most frequently seen in persons in healthcare facilities who have weakened immune system this is called HA-MRSA (health care associated) | S aureus bacteria are commonly carried on the skin or in the nose of healthy people |
| VRE (vancomycin-resistant enterococci) | enterococci are normally present in the human intestines in the vagina and are often found in the environment VRE can also live here without causing disease (called colonization) |
| enterococci infections are among the most common type acquired by hospitalized patients almost always by patients who are already ill | it is transmitted from person to person by the hands of caregivers or after contact with contaminated surfaces |
| preventions | preventions |
| handwashing | wearing gloves |
| clean surfaces | standard precautions |
| following facility guidelines | do not inject drugs |
| do not share personal care items that may have blood on them | consider risks with tattoos and piercings |
| if you are having sex with more than one steady partner always wear a latex condom | if you are HCV positive do not donate blood oranges or tissue |
Created by:
user-1960295