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mirco
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Low-power microscopes designed for observing fairly large objects such as insects or worms are | stereomicroscopes |
| What type of microscopes are used to examine structures down to the atomic level? | Scanning probe microscopes |
| Which of the following diseases is transmitted via aerosols? | Psittacosis |
| Which of the following organisms is used in the production of cheese? | Propionibacterium shermanii |
| Cytosine always undergoes complementary base pairing with | guanine |
| The bond of oxygen and hydrogen between water molecules is a(n) | hydrogen bond |
| Lactose is composed of glucose and | galactose |
| Isotopes are atoms with | the same numbers of protons but a different number of neutrons. |
| An atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons is called a(n) __. | isotope |
| The anticodons are located in | tRNA. |
| The fluidlike portion of a cell is referred to as | cytosol. |
| Enzymatic reactions can be expressed in which of the following chemical notations? | E + S = P |
| Peptidoglycan is typically found in the | cell wall. |
| Which of the following organelles contain oxidative enzymes capable of oxidizing toxic substances? | Peroxisomes |
| Binary fission is a form of reproduction used by | bacteria |
| The compound that enters the Krebs cycle and combines with oxaloacetic acid is | acetyl-CoA. |
| Enzymes that remove functional groups from a substrate without adding water, or that add functional groups to a double bond, are called | lyases |
| Bacteria that have a single polar flagellum at one end are referred to as | monotrichous |
| The main function of spores in eukaryotic cells is | propagation |
| Which of the following is a host-dependent bacterium? | Rickettsia |
| Bacterial replication is accomplished primarily by | binary fission. |
| Staphylococci are __ facultative anaerobes. | Gram-positive |
| Microorganisms that show optimal growth in moderate temperatures (between 25° C and 40° C) are called | mesophiles. |
| Microorganisms that grow only in the presence of oxygen are called __ | obligate aerobes |
| Methanogens are __ that grow in anaerobic environments such as swamps. | archaea |
| Psychrophiles are also referred to as | cryophiles. |
| Viral capsomeres are composed of subunits called | protomeres. |
| A fully assembled virus is called a _ | virion |
| RNA viruses belong to which of the following types according to the Baltimore classification system? | III, IV, V |
| The correct hierarchical order for virus classification is | order, family, subfamily, genus, species |
| The most common viruses causing respiratory illness belong to | Adenoviridae |
| The suffix -virales is given to the following terms within the taxon | Order |
| Picornaviridae are __ viruses. | RNA |
| Which of the following are technically not microorganisms? | Helminths |
| Which of the following is commonly referred to as a pinworm? | Enterobius vermicularis |
| The unique cell organelle found in the Archaezoa and that appears to be a remnant of mitochondria is called a(n) __. | mitosome |
| The technique that combines freezing and drying to preserve microbes and other cells is | lyophilization. |
| In an agar slant, bacterial colonies that appear separate or semiconfluent are referred to as | beaded. |
| Which of the following systems can be used for the identification of Neisseria? | Gonocheck |
| A saucer-shaped liquefaction in a gelatin stab is referred to a | crateriform |
| Nigrosin is a stain used in | negative staining. |
| Digitalis is a drug used in the treatment of | congestive heart failure |
| The generic name of a drug refers to its __________ name. | nonproprietary |
| All of the following are ways the kidney are used for urine formation and drug clearance except | Tubular filtration |
| All of the following are general metabolic or structural targets for antimicrobial drugs except | Lipid synthesis inhibition |
| Which of the following antimicrobials is effective against mycobacteria? | Rifampin |
| Which of the following is not a test to determine the efficacy of an antimicrobial agent against a specific organism? | Polymerase chain reaction |
| Drugs that are effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, but not all of them, are ________ activity drugs. | medium-spectrum |
| The invasion used by Staphylococcus aureus is | leucocidin |
| Infections that may result from the use of catheters are classified as | iatrogenic infections. |
| Which of the following is NOT true for antigens? | Proteins are the least immunogenic molecules due to very few epitopes for antibody recognition. |
| The category of immunoglobulins that can also be found in colostrum and mother’s milk is | IgA. |
| __________ is a pentamer and the largest of the immunoglobulins. | IgM |
| A chronic localized subcutaneous infection characterized by verrucoid lesions on the skin is | chromoblastomycosis |
| Langerhans cells, which play a role in defense against microbes, are located in the | epidermis |
| Strep throat is caused by which of the following organisms? | Streptococcus pyogenes |
| Scarlet fever is caused by | Streptococcus pyogenes |
| Cryptosporidiosis is a parasitic diarrheal disease caused by Cryptosporidium, which is a(n) __. | Protozoan |
| What is a rare but often fatal disease that results from the reactivation of the John Cunningham virus and causes progressive damage as it causes inflammation of the white matter of the brain in multiple locations? | Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) |
| American trypanosomiasis is also referred to as | Chagas' disease |
| Babesiosis is a vector-borne, malaria-like illness caused by a | protozoan. |
| Cytomegalovirus infections are caused by the human herpesvirus | 5 |
| Which of the following is a disease caused by a protozoan? | Toxoplasmosis |
| Two parasites that cause urinary tract infections are | Schistosoma haematobium and Trichomonas vaginalis. |
| Bacteria that have been identified as frequently responsible for nonsexually transmitted infections of the reproductive system include | Escherichia coli, Gardnerella vaginalis, and Staphylococcus aureus. |
| The virus most commonly transmitted during pregnancy is | cytomegalovirus |
| All of the following infections may recur during pregnancy except | streptococcal infections |
| Which of the following antibodies is synthesized by the infant soon after birth? | IgM |
| The neonatal infection referred to as “sticky eye” is caused by | Staphylococcus. |
| Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome is most common in | infants |
| Which of the following processes is most commonly used in wastewater treatment? | Anammox |
| Specific small niches in which populations and guilds within a community reside are referred to as | microhabitats. |
| Which of the following diseases was declared by the WHO in 1980 to be eradicated? | Smallpox |
| All of the following are free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria except | Rhizobium. |
| Which of the following zones is present only in oceans? | Abyssal zone |
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PDominguez478