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Study Stack 13
Mr. King Chapter 13 Study Stack
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) | An injury to the brain caused by an external force that can affect thinking, memory, movement, and behavior. |
| Open Head Injuries | A type of brain injury where the skull is broken or penetrated, exposing the brain to the outside, often causing localized damage. |
| Closed Head Injuries | A brain injury where the skull remains intact, but the brain is damaged from impact, shaking, or sudden movement, often causing widespread injury. |
| Motor-Speech Disorders | Problems with planning, coordinating, or controlling the muscles needed for speech, which can make speaking slow, slurred, or difficult to understand. |
| Behavior Modifications | A teaching approach that uses reinforcement and consequences to increase desirable behaviors and decrease undesirable ones. |
| Behavior Management | Strategies teachers use to prevent, reduce, or respond to problem behaviors and create a positive learning environment. |
| CHARGE syndrome | A rare genetic disorder that affects multiple body systems, often causing coloboma (eye defect), heart defects, atresia of the choanae (nasal passage blockage), growth and development delays, genital abnormalities, and ear problems. |
| Coloboma | A gap or hole in one of the structures of the eye (like the iris, retina, or optic nerve) that can affect vision. |
| Usher Syndrome | A genetic disorder that causes hearing loss and progressive vision loss due to retinitis pigmentosa, sometimes affecting balance. |
| Retinitis Pigmentosa | A group of genetic eye disorders that cause gradual loss of vision, usually starting with night blindness and narrowing of the visual field. |
| Night Blindness | Difficulty seeing in low light or darkness, often caused by retinal problems or vitamin A deficiency. |
| Tunnel Vision | A condition where a person can see only a narrow central area, while the peripheral vision is lost. |
| Prenatal | Referring to the period before birth, while a baby is developing in the womb. |
| Rubella | A viral infection also called German measles that can cause birth defects if a mother contracts it during pregnancy. |
| German Measles | Another name for rubella, a viral infection that can cause mild illness in children and serious birth defects if a pregnant woman is infected. |
| Congenital Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | A viral infection passed from mother to baby before birth that can cause hearing loss, vision problems, and developmental delays. |
| Postnatal | Referring to the period after birth, relating to the baby’s or mother’s health and development. |
| Pro tactile ASL (PTASL) | A tactile form of American Sign Language used by deafblind individuals, where communication relies on touch cues, hand-over-hand signing, and physical contact. |
| Braille | A tactile writing system that uses raised dots to represent letters, numbers, and punctuation, allowing people who are blind or visually impaired to read and write. |
| Adapted Signs | Modified hand signs used to make communication easier for individuals with hearing, speech, or motor challenges, often simplifying standard sign language. |
| Orientation and Mobility (O & M) | Training that helps people who are blind or visually impaired learn to move safely and independently in their environment using tools like canes, guide dogs, and mental mapping. |
| Assistance Cards | Cards used to request help or communicate needs for people with disabilities, often in situations where verbal communication is difficult. |
| Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) | Methods and tools that support or replace speech for individuals who have difficulty communicating verbally, such as picture boards, speech-generating devices, or sign language. |
| Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA) | A process for identifying the reasons behind challenging behaviors in order to develop effective strategies to prevent or replace them with positive behaviors. |
| Positive Behavioral Support (PBS) | A proactive approach that teaches and reinforces positive behaviors while reducing problem behaviors, focusing on prevention and support rather than punishment. |
| Self Stimulation | Repetitive behaviors, such as hand-flapping, rocking, or humming, often used by individuals with autism or other developmental disabilities to self-soothe or regulate sensory input. |
| Self-Injurious Behavior (SIB) | When a person intentionally harms their own body, such as head banging, biting, or scratching, often as a response to stress, frustration, or sensory needs. |
| Positive Behavioral Intervention and Support (PBIS) | A school-wide framework that promotes positive behavior, prevents problem behavior, and provides consistent support and interventions for students. |
| Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) | A specialized hospital unit that provides care and monitoring for newborns who are premature, ill, or have serious medical conditions. |
| Sheltered Workshop | A work setting that provides training and employment for people with disabilities in a supportive, structured environment, often with modified tasks and supervision. |
| Competitive Employment | A job in the regular workforce where a person with or without a disability is paid at the standard rate and works alongside nondisabled coworkers. |
| Self Determination | The ability to make choices, set goals, and take actions to control one’s own life, often emphasized for individuals with disabilities to promote independence and empowerment. |
| Person Centered Plans | Plans that focus on an individual’s strengths, preferences, and goals to guide supports and services, ensuring the person is actively involved in decisions about their life. |
| Natural Supports | People or resources in a person’s everyday environment—like family, friends, coworkers, or neighbors—that help provide assistance and inclusion without formal programs or paid services. |
| Job Coach | A professional who helps individuals with disabilities learn, maintain, and succeed in a job by providing training, guidance, and on-the-job support. |
| Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP) | Teaching methods and activities that are suited to children’s age, individual abilities, and cultural background to promote optimal learning and development. |
| Daily Living Skills | Abilities needed to take care of oneself and live independently, such as eating, dressing, bathing, cooking, and managing money. |
Created by:
chandlerhayes14