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Chem #12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the two different types of mixtures? | Heterogeneous and Homogeneous |
| What is a heterogeneous mixture? | There is a different composition throughout. |
| What is a homogeneous mixture? | There is a uniform composition throughout. |
| What are solutions? | They are homogeneous mixtures that may be solid, liquid, or gaseous. |
| What is the solute? | The substance that is dissolved in another substance. |
| What is a solvent? | The substance that does the dissolving. |
| What does soluble mean? | The ability to dissolve. |
| What is the difference between a solution, colloid, and suspension? | The particle size is the difference. Solutions have the smallest particles, then colloids have the medium sized particles, and suspensions have the largest particles. |
| What is the Tyndall Effect? | Light scattered by colloid particles in a transparent medium. |
| What is the Brownian Motion? | Vibrations of colloid particles. |
| What is an electrolyte? | A substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electricity. |
| What is a nonelectrolyte? | A substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that does not conduct electricity. |
| What is solubility? | The amount that substances require to form a saturated solution with a specific amount of solvent at a specific temperature. |
| Every solvent has a set amount of solute that can dissolve in it. | :) |
| What is a saturated solution? | Contains the maximum amount of solute for a given quantity of solvent at a constant temperature and pressure. |
| What is an unsaturated solution? | Contains less solute that's a saturated solution at a given temperature and pressure. (not full) |
| What is a supersaturated solution? | A saturated solution that is cooled down (overfull). |
| What does like dissolves like mean? | It means non polar solvents only dissolve non polar solutes and polar only dissolves polar. |
| What is miscible? | Two liquids that mix together (alcohol +water) |
| What is immiscible? | Two liquids that do not mix together (oil + water) |
| What is Henry's Law? | The amount of dissolved gas in a liquid is proportional to its partial pressure above that liquid. |
| What is gas solubility? (writing question) | Decreases with increasing temperature. |
| What is solid solubility? (writing question) | Increases with increasing temperature. |
| What is a solubility curve? | A graphical representation between the temperature and solubility of a substance. |
| How do you read a solubility curve? | Saturated = on the line, unsaturated = below curve/line = supersaturated = above line. |
| What is the equation for molarity? | M =moles of solute / liters of solution |
| What is the equation for molality? | m = moles of solute / kilogram solvent |
| What is the equation for dilutions? | M1*V1 = M2*V2 |
| What is the equation for percent by volume? | % = volume of solute / volume of solution *100% |
| What is the equation for percent by mass? | % = mass of solute / mass of solution *100% |
| What are the 3 main types of colligative properties? | Vapor pressure lowering, boiling point elevation, and freezing point depression. |
| What is the equation for boiling point elevation? | Tb = iKbm Kb = 0.512 |
| What is the equation for freezing point depression? | Tf = iKfm Kf = 1.86 |
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