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blitz 5
| After the American Revolution, the U.S. government owed a large amount of money, which left the nation’s economy unstable | |
| To strengthen the economy, Alexander Hamilton, the first Secretary of Treasury, proposed creating a national bank to manage debt and build financial stability | |
| During the Whiskey Rebellion, farmers in Pennsylvania protested a new tax on whiskey; in response, President Washington demonstrated the federal government’s ability to enforce the law by sending military forces in to stop the rebellion | |
| In his Farewell Address, President Washington advised Americans to avoid - • getting involved in foreign politics • forming permanent alliances with other nations • splitting into political parties | |
| The first U.S. political parties developed in response to disagreements between Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson over the amount of power the U.S. government should have | |
| Federalist Party • Founded by Alexander Hamilton • Wanted a strong federal government • Emphasized an economy based on manufacturing • Supported a national bank | |
| Democratic-Republican Party • Founded by Thomas Jefferson • Wanted strong state governments • Emphasized an economy based on agriculture • Supported state banks | |
| In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson bought the Louisiana Territory from France; this purchase - • doubled the size of the United States • gave the United States access to the Mississippi River • expanded presidential powers | |
| The Supreme Court decision in Marbury v. Madison created the principle of judicial review, which allows courts to declare federal laws unconstitutional | |
| In 1812, the United States went to war against Great Britain | |
| The war began because of the British impressment of American sailors into their navy, and because the British supported American Indian attacks against settlers on the frontier | |
| As a result of U.S. victory in the War of 1812, American pride grew, American Indian resistance weakened, and U.S. manufacturing expanded | |
| President James Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine, which declared that European nations could no longer colonize in the Western Hemisphere | |
| In the Supreme Court case Gibbons v. Ogden, the court ruled that the federal government, not individual states, had the power to regulate trade between states and with foreign nations | |
| Artists from the Hudson River School highlighted the beauty of America’s terrain by painting natural, untamed landscapes | |
| President Jackson introduced the spoils system, which awarded government jobs to his political allies; supporters saw this as giving ordinary people a voice in government, while critics argued it led to corruption and unqualified officials | |
| During the Nullification Crisis, South Carolina claimed the Tariff of 1828 was unconstitutional and declared it null under the Tenth Amendment; Jackson strongly believed that states could not reject federal laws | |
| President Jackson forced South Carolina to comply, but the crisis showed a growing divide in the nation | |
| President Jackson strongly opposed the national bank because he believed it gave too much power to the wealthy; during his presidency, he vetoed its recharter, and the bank was ultimately shut down | |
| Many American settlers wanted access to Cherokee lands in Georgia so they could farm cotton and search for gold | |
| Congress passed the Indian Removal Act, which gave the government power to force American Indian tribes to move west of the Mississippi River | |
| The Cherokee nation challenged this law in the Supreme Court case Worcester v. Georgia; the Court ruled in their favor and declared that the state of Georgia had no authority over Cherokee lands | |
| President Jackson ignored the Supreme Court ruling and forced Cherokees to relocate to Oklahoma in the Trail of Tears, a harsh journey where thousands died from hunger, disease, and exposure |
Created by:
Hayers32