Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Form IV - History
History Quiz Prep - Latin America (3rd Trimester - Nelson)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In the early 20th century, the Latin American economy was based largely on the export of __________ and ______ _______________ | foodstuffs and raw materials |
| Argentina exported __________ and __________ | beef and wheat |
| Chile exported _________ and __________ | nitrates and copper |
| Brazil exported ________ and __________ | coffee and cotton |
| The Caribbean nations exported ___________ | sugar |
| Central America exported ____________ | bananas |
| In the 1920s the US replaced what nation as the major investor in Latin America? | Great Britain |
| What American company owned land, packing plants and railroads in Central America? | The United Fruit Company |
| At this time, American firms gained control of the __________ mining industry in Chile and Peru and the _________ industry in Mexico, Bolivia and Peru | copper / oil |
| Did many Latin Americans resent U.S. control of Latin American industries and view the U.S. as an imperial power? | yes |
| Latin American _______________ were able to show that profits from U.S. businesses were often used to keep ruthless dictators in power. In Venezuela for example, U.S. oil companies had close ties with the dictator _________ ____________ __________. | nationalists / Juan Vincente Gomez |
| In the 1930s, the US made attempts to change its relationship with Latin America. For example, in 1933, President __________ ________ ________ announced the __________ __________ Policy, which rejected the use of US military force in Latin America. | Franklin Delanor Roosevelt / Good Neighbor |
| President Roosevelt withdrew the last US marines from _________ in 1934 | Haiti |
| The Great Depression was a ___________ for the Latin American economy. Weak U.S. and European economies meant ______ demand for Latin American exports, especially for coffee, sugar, metals, and meat. | disaster / less |
| The Great Depression had one positive effect on the Latin American economy. What was it? | When exports declined, Latin American countries could no longer buy manufactured goods from abroad. Thus their governments encouraged development of new industries to produce manufactured goods. The hope was that this would bring economic independence. |
| Most Latin American countries had _______________ forms of government. In reality, however, a relatively small group of _________ __________, _________ ________, and _____ _________ ruled each country. These groups controlled the masses (poor peasants). | republican / church officials, military leaders, and large landowners |
| Who was crucial in keeping these special-interest groups in power? | the military |
| This trend toward ___________________ increased during the 1930s, largely because of the impact of the Great Depression. | authoritarianism |
| Domestic instability caused by economic crises led to the creation of many military ____________ in the early 1930s. This trend was especially evident in what 3 countries? | dictatorships / Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico. |
| During this time, Argentina was largely controlled by an ___________, a government in which a select group of people exercises control. | oligarchy |
| This oligarchy of landowners had grown wealthy from the export of beef and wheat and failed to realize the importance of industry and cities in their country. This group ignored the growing middle class, which reacted by forming the ______ Party in 1890. | Radical |
| In 1916 __________ ___________ leader of the Radical Party, was elected president of Argentina. | Hipolito Irigoyen |
| The Radical Party, however feared the ___________ workers, who were using strikes to improve their conditions. The party thus drew closer to the large _____________ and became more corrupt. | industrial / landowners |
| The ___________ was also concerned with the rising power of the industrial workers. In 1930 the Argentine army overthrew President Irigoyen and reestablished the power of the large ___________. | military / landowners |
| During WWII, restless military officers formed a new organization, the __________ __ __________ _________. They were unhappy with the Argentinian government and overthrew it in June 1943. | Group of United Officers |
| In 1889 the army overthrew the Brazilian monarchy and established a republic. It was controlled chiefly by landed elites, who had become wealthy from larger _________ plantations. | coffee |
| In Brazil, the Great Depression devastated the ________ industry. | coffee |
| In 1930 a military coup made In 1930 a military coup made _______ __________, a wealthy rancher, president of Brazil. Early in his rule, he appealed to workers by establishing an ______ hour work day and minimum wage. | Getulio Vargas / 8 / minimum |
| Faced with strong opposition in 1937, Getulio Vargas made himself _________. In 1938 he established his New State. It was basically an authoritarian state with some fascist-like features. Political parties were outlawed, and civil rights were restricted. | dictator |
| Secret police silenced Vargas’s opponents. Vargas established Brazil’s steel and oil industry. By the end of WWII, Brazil became Latin America’s chief industrial power. The _________feared he might prolong his power indefinitely and forced him to resign. | army |
| Mexico was not an authoritarian state, neither was it democratic. The Mexican Revolution in the early 20th century was the first significant effort to overturn the system of large landed estates and raise the living standards of the masses. | Mexican Revolution |
| Out of the revolution emerged a relatively stable political order. The government was democratic in form. However, the official political party of the Mexican Revolution, a.k.a. the _____ ______ _____controlled the major groups within Mexican society. | Institutional Revolutionary Party, also known as the PRI |
| A new wave of change began with ______ __________. He was president from 1934-1940. He moved to fulfill some of the original goals of the revolution. His major step was to distribute 44 million acres to landless Mexican peasants. | Lazaro Cardenas |
| This action made Cardenas enormously popular with the peasants. President Cardenas also took a strong stand with the US over _______. Over the next 30 years, companies from the US and Britain, made large investments in the Mexican _____ industry. | oil / oil |
| After a dispute with the foreign-owned oil companies over workers’ wages, the Cardenas governed ________ _________ of the oil fields and the property of the foreign-owned oil companies. | seized control |
| US oil companies were furious and asked FDR to intervene. He refused and reminded them of the _______ _________ policy which dictated that the US would not send troops to Latin American. | Good Neighbor |
| Eventually, the Mexican government did pay the oil companies for their property. It then set up __________, a national oil company, to run the oil industry. ____________ became a symbol of Mexican independence. | PEMEX / PEMEX |
Created by:
paulesumner