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Chapter 15

General Chemistry 2 Spring Semester 2026

QuestionAnswer
Solubility definition The amount of a substance that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent
Molar solubility (S) definition The solubility in units of moles per liter (mol/L)
Solubility product constant (Ksp) definition The equilibrium expression for the dissolution of an ionic compound (also called slats) into its aqueous ions
Precipitation reactions Occurs upon the mixing of two solutions when one fo the corss products is insoluble
Reaction quotient (Q) The reaction in which an ionic compound dissolves is the product of the concentrations of the ionic components raised to their stoichiometric coefficents
Ksp vs Qsp Ksp is the value of this product at equilibrium only Qsp is the value fot he product under any conditions
When Q < Ksp, the solution is ..., what happens to the solid, is there a precipitate? Unsaturated More solid dissolves No precipitation
When Q = Ksp, the solution is ..., what happens to the solid, is there a precipitate? Saturated Additional solid does not dissolve Just after it will precipitate
When Q > Ksp, the solution is ..., what happens to the solid, is there a precipitate? Supersaturated The excess solid precipitates out Precipitate
To compare Ksp values... the compounds must have the same dissociation stoichiometry
Common ion effect The tendency for a common ion to decrease the ionization of a weak acid or weak base or to decrease the solubility of an ionic compound
Solubility in a basic solution Equilibrium shifts left due to common ion effect, resulting in lower solubility
Solubility in an acidic solution Equilibrium shifts right due to the neutralization of H30+ and OH-, resulting in higher solubility
For an ionic compound with a basic anion, what happens with the pH and solubility The lower the pH The higher the solubility
In a basic solution, solubility ... decreases
In an acidic solution, solubility .... increases
What effects solubility Common ion effect Solution pH
Selective precipitation A process involving the addition of a reagent that forms a precipitate with only one of the ions
The solid with the smallest what precipitates first Ksp value
Lewis acid Any substance that can receive an electron pair Electron pair acceptor
Lewis base Any substance that can donate an electron pair Electron pair donor
A Lewis acid has a ... empty orbital that can accept an electron pair (need not contain hydrogen)
What are the different ways that lewis acids and bases form? Incomplete octet Molecules that contain double bonds (rearrange electrons to accept a pair of electrons Small and highly charged cations have empty orbitals allowing them to act as Lewis acids
Created by: KristenR2025
 

 



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