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judicial vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| judicial review | the power of courts to declare laws and actions of the government unconstitutional |
| precedent | a prior court ruling that serves as an authoritative rule for deciding similar later cases |
| stare decisis | the legal principle obligating courts to follow established precedents; 'to stand by things decided.' |
| jurisdiction | the official power of a court to hear a case and make legal decisions |
| due process | the legal requirement that the state must respect all legal rights owed to a person |
| concurring opinion | a written judicial opinion by a justice who agrees with majority decision but for different reasons |
| dissenting opinion | a written judicial opinion by a justice who disagrees with the majority ruling of the court |
| originalism | a judicial order that commands or prohibits a specific action or course of conduct |
| habeas corpus | a legal order demanding that a person who is imprisoned be brought before a court |
| appellate | pertaining to a court that hears appeals, reviewing decisions of lower courts |
| litigation | the process of taking legal action, engaging in a lawsuit to resolves a dispute |
| Prosecution | A government body that bring a criminal charge against a defendant who is accused of breaking one of its laws |
| Defense | The legal representation for the defendant |
| Plaintiff | Individual or group bringing a complaint against another party |
| Judicial Activism | An effort by judges to take an active role in policymaking by overturning laws relatively often. |
| Judicial Restraint | An effort by judges to avoid overturning laws and to leave policymaking up to the other two branches of the government. |
| Original Jurisdiction | The authority to hear a case first |
| Appeal | Asking a higher court review the decision and determine if justice was done. |
| Appellate Jurisdiction | The authority to hear an appeal |
| Federal Cases | Those involving federal laws & appeals from State Cases. |