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Cells
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell Theory | A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. Cells have DNA that is the basis of heredity. Cells come from other cells |
| Domains of life | Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya |
| Bacteria | The oldest cells have a cell wall that contains peptidoglycan |
| Archaea | Evolved later than bacteria, lack the peptidoglycan in the cell wall and have different membrane lipids. Also the DNA sequences are more similar to eukaryotes |
| Capsule | Mainly a barrier to phagocytosis |
| Flagella | Structure used to move |
| Pili | Allow bacteria to attach to other cells (Velcro for conjugation; swapping of DNA) |
| Fimbriae | Attachment to other structures |
| Outer Membrane | Gram positive and Negative |
| Gram Positive | No outer membrane |
| Gram Negative | has LPS and turns on immune system |
| Cell wall | Made of peptidoglycans or lipids (polysaccharides and proteins) Gives the cell its overall shape |
| Shapes | Coccus, Bacillus, Spirillum |
| Cell (Plasma) Membrane | Responsible for transport of ions, nutrients, and waste |
| Nucleoid region | Where DNA is located |
| Ribosome | Synthesize proteins from mRNA |
| Spores | Some bacteria have Endospores that protect it from harsh elements (temperate, droughts, acids) until the threat is gone. Then it can germinate and start a new colony of cells |
| Cytoplasm | Includes the cytosol, the fluid inside the cell. Contains water (Hyaloplasm), dissolved ions, small molecules, and soluble macromolecules like proteins |
| Cytoskeleton | Many Bacillus bacteria have a helical network of filamentous structures that extend down the length of the cell just inside the plasma membrane that maintain the cell's shpae |
| Plasmid | Small DNA strand not normally associated with the chromosomal DNA |
| Mesosome | Folded invaginations of the cell/plasma membranes that aid in photosynthesis (Only when cell is dead or cooked) |
| Thylakoid Membrane | Only in photosynthetic bacteria. specialized, highly folded internal membrane systems within chloroplasts and cyanobacteria, serving as the site of light dependent photosynthesis |
| Phycobilisome | Dense proteins attached to the thylakoid membranes that aid in photosynthesis |
| Cyanobacteria | Photosynthetic prokaryotes, older than 3 billion years |
| Groups of bacteria | Proteobacteria, Spirochaetes, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria |
| Groups of Archaea | Crenarchaeotes, Korarchaeotes, Nanoarchaeotes, Euryarchaeotes |
| Endospore | Dormant, non- reproductive structures produced by specific bacteria. Can last for 15000 years |
Created by:
epfaff