A Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. Cells have DNA, that DNA is the basis of heredity. Cells come from other cells.

Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya: Everything else that is not prokaryotic!

The oldest cells have a cell wall that contains peptidoglycan.

Proteobacteria: E. coli, Salmonella, Helicobacter. Spirochaetes: Spiral bacteria cause syphilis & Lyme Disease. Actinobacteria: Mainly soil bacteria, Bacillus anthracis (anthrax): Clostridia. Cyanobacteria: Photosynthetic prokaryotes, older than 3BYA

Evolved later than bacteria, lack the peptidoglycan in the cell wall and have different membrane lipids. Also the DNA sequences are more similar to eukaryotes.

Crenarchaeotes: Live in thermal vents or hot springs. Korarchaeotes: Live in Obsidian Pool, Yellowstone & Iceland. Nanoarchaeotes: Only one species has been discovered. Euryarchaeotes: Examples include methanogens & Halobacteria.

Mainly a barrier to phagocytosis

A. Flagella- structure used to move B. Pili- allow bacteria to attach to other cells (Velcro for Conjugation; swapping of DNA. C. Fimbriae: Attachment to other structures

If Gram Positive (No outer membrane) If Gram Negative: has LPS & turns on Immune system

Made of peptidoglycans or lipids (Polysaccharides & Proteins) (This gives the cell its overall shape). Coccus (Spherical) Bacillus (Rod) Spirillum (Spiral)

Cell (Plasma) Membrane

Responsible for transport of ions, nutrients & waste

Some bacteria have Endospores that protect it from harsh elements (temperate, droughts, acids) until the threat is gone. Then it can germinate and start a new colony of cells.

Includes the cytosol, the fluid inside the cell. Contains water (Hyaloplasm), dissolved ions, small molecules, and soluble macromolecules like proteins.

Many bacillus bacteria have a helical network of filamentous structures that extend down the length of the cell just inside the plasma membrane that maintain the cell’s shape.

Small DNA strand not normally associated with the chromosomal DNA

Folded invaginations of the cell/plasma membrane made from ‘fixing’ the bacteria.

Dense proteins attached to the thylakoid membranes that aid in photosynthesis.

specialized, highly folded internal membrane systems within chloroplasts and cyanobacteria, serving as the site of light-dependent photosynthesis.

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Question	Answer
Cell Theory	A Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. Cells have DNA, that DNA is the basis of heredity. Cells come from other cells.
3 Domains of Life	Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya: Everything else that is not prokaryotic!
Bacteria	The oldest cells have a cell wall that contains peptidoglycan.
Groups of Bacteria	Proteobacteria: E. coli, Salmonella, Helicobacter. Spirochaetes: Spiral bacteria cause syphilis & Lyme Disease. Actinobacteria: Mainly soil bacteria, Bacillus anthracis (anthrax): Clostridia. Cyanobacteria: Photosynthetic prokaryotes, older than 3BYA
Archaea	Evolved later than bacteria, lack the peptidoglycan in the cell wall and have different membrane lipids. Also the DNA sequences are more similar to eukaryotes.
Groups of Archaea	Crenarchaeotes: Live in thermal vents or hot springs. Korarchaeotes: Live in Obsidian Pool, Yellowstone & Iceland. Nanoarchaeotes: Only one species has been discovered. Euryarchaeotes: Examples include methanogens & Halobacteria.
Capsule	Mainly a barrier to phagocytosis
Appendages	A. Flagella- structure used to move B. Pili- allow bacteria to attach to other cells (Velcro for Conjugation; swapping of DNA. C. Fimbriae: Attachment to other structures
Outer Membrane	If Gram Positive (No outer membrane) If Gram Negative: has LPS & turns on Immune system
Cell Wall	Made of peptidoglycans or lipids (Polysaccharides & Proteins) (This gives the cell its overall shape). Coccus (Spherical) Bacillus (Rod) Spirillum (Spiral)
Cell (Plasma) Membrane	Responsible for transport of ions, nutrients & waste
Nucleoid	Where DNA is located
Ribosome	Synthesize proteins from mRNA
Spores	Some bacteria have Endospores that protect it from harsh elements (temperate, droughts, acids) until the threat is gone. Then it can germinate and start a new colony of cells.
Cytoplasm	Includes the cytosol, the fluid inside the cell. Contains water (Hyaloplasm), dissolved ions, small molecules, and soluble macromolecules like proteins.
Cytoskeleton	Many bacillus bacteria have a helical network of filamentous structures that extend down the length of the cell just inside the plasma membrane that maintain the cell’s shape.
Plasmid	Small DNA strand not normally associated with the chromosomal DNA
Mesosome	Folded invaginations of the cell/plasma membrane made from ‘fixing’ the bacteria.
Phycobilisome	Dense proteins attached to the thylakoid membranes that aid in photosynthesis.
Thylakoid Membrane	specialized, highly folded internal membrane systems within chloroplasts and cyanobacteria, serving as the site of light-dependent photosynthesis.

Created by: user-1793905

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