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PHILO 171 EXAM 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Philosophy = ___ + ____ | Philia + Sophia |
| Philia | Love |
| Sophia | Wisdom |
| Philia means in Greek | more than romantic love; it refers to affection, friendship, and commitment to something valued |
| Sophia means in Greek | deep understanding of life, reality, and principles. |
| What is an active pursuit, a longing for what is good and true? | Love or Philia |
| What is facts and information? | Knowledge |
| What is about discernment, judgment and living well? | Wisdom |
| T/F: Philosophy is not just a body of knowledge—it’s a way of thinking. It trains us to question assumptions about reality, morality, and meaning. | T |
| T/F: Philosophy then is an activity—a way of thinking about certain sorts of questions. It examines beliefs we do not take for granted: nature of reality, right and wrong, etc. | F "we TAKE for granted" |
| T/F: Philosophy often challenges what seems obvious or comfortable | T |
| What reminds us that society often discourages questioning? | Paulo Freire's Pedagogy of the Oppressed |
| T/F: Philosophy is confined to ethics or epistemology | F "is NOT confined" |
| Who believes in "Existence precedes essence" --- we are not born with a fixed purpose, we must define ourselves through choices? | Jean-Paul Sartre's Being and Nothingness |
| Who said, "An unexamined life is not worth living"? | Socrates |
| Who defined, "Philosophy as love, pursuit, or study of knowledge, wisdom, or truth, especially as to the nature of things" | Pre-Socratics, Plato, Aristotle |
| Who defined, "Philosophy as the handmaid of theology whose purpose is to elucidate revealed truths and to combat heresy." | Medieval |
| Who defined. "Philosophy as meaning which the world has for you or as the meaning one has created or invented in life." | S.E. Frost JR., Jean-Paul Sartre |
| Who wrote Three Concepts of Philo? | Armando Bonifacio |
| What are the Three Concepts of Philo? | Intellectual presuppositions, reflective activities, value system |
| What is the system of beliefs and values we arrive at after reflection | Value System |
| What is the process of questioning and examining those presuppositions | Reflective Activities |
| What is the foundational assumptions that underlie your thinking? | Foundationalism/intellectual presupposition |
| What is the background framework of your beliefs and actions? | Foundationalism/intellectual presupposition |
| Who wrote history of ethics? | Henry Sidgwick |
| Who fell off a 30 foot cliff while on an outing with friends in Tennessee? | James McElveen |
| Who is James McElveen's friend that used his medical insurance card for him? | Benny Miligan |
| What is moral philosophy? | ethics |
| What Asks foundational questions about the good life, about what is better and worse, about whether there is any objective right and wrong, and how we know it if there is. | ethics |
| Philosophers ask questions not about how to interpret a certain novel or painting, but basic or foundational questions such as what kind of things do or should count as art (rocks arranged in a certain way)? | Aesthetics/philo of art |
| Not about the structure or composition of some chemical or biological material, but about such matters as whether scientific knowledge gives us reality as it is, whether there is progress in science, and what is the nature of the scientific method. | Philo of Science |
| To understand the nature of law itself, the source of its authority, the nature of legal interpretation, and the basis of legal responsibility | Law |
| Who said this, "“Philosophy is to be studied, not for the sake of any definite answers to its questions, since no definite answers can, as a rule, be known to be true, but rather for the sake of the questions." | Bertrand Russell |
| view that ethical values and beliefs are relative to the various individuals or societies that hold them. | Ethical Relativism |
| T/F: acc to ethical relativism, there is no objective right and wrong | T |
| 2 forms of ethical rel | Individual and cultural |
| Form of ethical rel wherein Ethical values vary from society to society and that basis for moral judgments lies in these social or cultural views | Cultural ethical rel |
| the principle of regarding and valuing the practices of a culture from the point of view of that culture and to avoid making hasty judgments. | Cultural relativism |
| Authors related to cultural relativism and religion | James and Stuart Rachels |
| “It is my own personal consideration of X as good that makes X good. X is good on the basis of my saying so, and no other reason.” | Moral subjectivism |
| T/F: morality is a matter of reason and conscience, not religious faith. religious considerations do not provide definitive solutions to many of the moral problems we face. | T |
| T/F: morality remains a separate matter | T |
| Self knowledge and self assessment; subjective dimensions of morality | Conscience |
| T/F: when people state what they subjectively and conscientiously believe, they acknowledge that other people might (and probably will) subjectively and conscientiously hold different moral views” | T |
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