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chemistry vocab
4th nine weeks 2nd set of chemistry vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| acidic solution | a solution that contains more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions |
| basic solution | a solution that contains more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions |
| arrhenius model | states that an acid is a substance that contains hydrogen and ionizes to produce hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution |
| bronsted-lowry model | a model of acids and bases where an acid is a hydrogen-ion donor (and a base is a hydrogen-ion acceptor) |
| conjugate acid | the species produced when a base accepts a hydrogen ion |
| conjugate base | the species that results when an acid donates a hydrogen ion |
| conjugate acid-base pair | consists of two substances related to each other by the donating and accepting of a single hydrogen ion |
| amphoteric | describes water and other substances that can act as both acids and bases |
| lewis model | states that a Lewis acid is an electron-pair acceptor and a Lewis base is an electron-pair donor |
| strong acids | acids that ionize completely |
| weak acids | acids that ionize only partially in a dilute aqueous solution |
| acid ionization constant | the value of the equilibrium constant expression for the ionization of a weak acid |
| strong base | a base that dissociates entirely into metal ions and hydroxide ions |
| weak base | ionizes only partially in dilute aqueous solution |
| base ionization constant | the value of the equilibrium constant expression for the ionization of a base |
| ion product constant for water | the value of the equilibrium constant expression for the self-ionization of water |
| pH | the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration |
| pOH | the negative logarithm of the hydroxide ion concentration |
| neutralization reaction | a reaction in which an acid and a base in an aqueous solution react to produce a salt and water |
| salt | an ionic compound made up of a caton from a base and anion from an acid |
| titration | a method for determining the concentration of a solution by reacting a known volume of that solution with a solution of known concentration |
| titrant | a buret is filled with the titrating solution of known concentration, the standard solution |
| equivalence point | the point at which moles of H+ ion from the acid equal moles of OH- ion from the base |
| acid-base indicators | chemical dyes whose colors are affected by acidic and basic solutions |
| end point | the point at which the indicator used in a titration changes color |
| salt hydrolysis | a process in which anions of the dissociated salt accept hydrogen ions from the water or the cations of the dissociated salt donate hydrogen ions to water |
| buffers | solutions that resist changes in pH when limited amounts of acid or base are added |
| buffer capacity | the amount of acid or base a buffer solution can absorb without a significant change in pH |
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