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Genetics

TermDefinition
Genetics scientific study of heredity
fertilization process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell
trait specific characteristic of an individual
allele one of a number of different forms of a gene
principle of dominance Mendel’s second conclusion, which states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive
hybrid offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
Probability condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes
Homozygous having two identical alleles for a particular gene
heterozygous having two different alleles for a particular gene
Phenotype physical characteristics of an organism
Genotype genetic makeup of an organism
Punnett square diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross
independent assortment- one of Mendel’s principles that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes
incomplete dominance situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allelle
Codominance situation in which the phenotypes produced by both alleles are completely expressed
multiple alleles a gene that has more than two alleles
polygenic trait trait controlled by two or more genes
Heredity is the passing of genetic traits—such as eye color, height, or disease risk—from parents to offspring through genes located on chromosomes
Dominant an inherited characteristic that appears in an offspring if it is contributed by at least one parent through a dominant allele
Recessive traits are genetic characteristics expressed only when an organism inherits two identical, recessive alleles (homozygous condition) for a gene, one from each parent.
Created by: Jilldes
 

 



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