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HW: Ch 10D
QUIZ WILL BE ON 4/3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| malacia | softening |
| porosis | porous |
| sarcoma | malignant tumor |
| a | without |
| dys | bad; painful |
| syn | union, together |
| orthopedist | diagnoses and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders |
| rheumatologist | physician who specializes on treating joint diseases |
| DO | Doctor of Osteopathy |
| Doctor of Osteopathy | maintains that good health requires proper alignment of bones, muscles, ligaments, and nerves |
| Doctor of Medicine | prescribing drugs and performing surgeries |
| fracture | break or crack in a bone |
| open fracture, compound fracture | end of the broken bone pierces through the flesh |
| pathological fracture | disease in bone |
| reduction | treatment of fractures involves restoring the bone to its normal position |
| closed reduction | the practitioner repairs the fracture without a surgical incision of the area by aligning the bone through manual manipulation or traction |
| open reduction | realignment of the two broken ends of the bone takes place under direct observation by exposing the fracture using surgery |
| compound fracture | when the practitioner cannot align the bone through closed reduction or when the fracture extends into a joint. |
| internal fixation devices | screws, pins, wires, and nails, stabilize the bone to maintain alignment while healing takes place. |
| rheumatoid arthritis | systemic disease characterized by inflammatory changes in joints and their related structures, results in crippling deformities |
| exacerbations | flare ups |
| NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) | can help treat less severe cases of joint changes, adjacent muscles, bones and skin atrophy |
| osteoarthritis most common form | degenerative joint disease DJD |
| crepitation | rubbing grating, or crackling sound |
| bone spur or osteophyte | new bone growth, commonly occuring at articular surfaces |
| Heberden nodes | formation that leads to the classic bony enlargement (generalized osteoarthrosis of hand) |
| muscular dystrophy | a group or more than 30 inherited diseases that cause progressive weakness or skeletal muscles and loss of muscle mass |
| primary bone cancer | arises directly from the bone |
| secondary bone cancer | arise in another region and spreads to bone |
| metastatize | spread |
| sarcoma | malignancies originating from bone, fat, muscle, cartilage, bone marrow, and cells of the lymphatic system |
| fibrosarcoma | develops in cartilage and generally affects the pelvis, upper legs, and shoulders. |
| osteosarcoma | develops from bone tissue and generally affects the knees, upper arms, and upper legs |
| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
| CT | computed tomography |
| bunion | deformity in which the great toe is angled laterally toward other toes |
| carpal tunnel syndrome | painful condition resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel |
| claudication | lameness, limping |
| contracture | fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint |
| crepitation | dry, grating sound or sensation caused by bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction |
| ganglion cyst | fluid filled tumor that commonly develops along the tendons or joint of the wrists or hands by may also appear in the feet |
| gout | joint inflammation caused by uric acid crystal deposits in the joint space |
| herniated disk | rupture of a vertebral disks center through its outer edge, causing pain, numbness, or weakness in one or both legs; slipped disc or herniated nucleus pulposus |
| hypotonia | loss of muscle tone or a diminished resistance to passive stretching |
| ton | tension |
| myasthenia gravis | chronic, progressive disorder characterized by muscle weakness and droopiness, especially in the eyes, face, throat and limbs |
| osteomyelitis | inflammation of the bone and bone marrow and the soft tissue that surrounds the bone |
| sequestrum | bone death |
| osteoporosis | loss of calcium and bone tissue, causing the bones to become porous |
| Paget disease | chronic inflammation in the bones, resulting in thickening and softening of bones |
| phantom limb | perceived sensation, following amputation of a limb, that the limb still exists |
| rickets | form of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency; also called rachitis |
| spinal curvatures | any persistent, abnormal deviation of the vertebral column from its normal position that causes an abnormal spinal curvature |
| scoliosis | abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, either to the right or left, C-shaped curve |
| kyphosis | abnormal curvature of the upper portion of the spine; also known as hump;hunchback |
| lordosis | abnormal, inward curve of a portion of the lower part of the spine; sway back |
| spondylolisthesis | any slipping (subluxation) of a vertebra from its normal position in relationship to the one beneath it |
| spondylosis | degeneration of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae and related issues |
| sprain and strain | overstretching or tearing of ligaments (sprain) or muscle or tendon (strain) |
| subluxation | partial or incomplete dislocation of one or more vertebrae |
| talipes equinovarus | congenital deformity of one or both feet in which the foot is pulled downward and laterally to the side; clubfoot |
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