aromatic leaves or seeds of plants from temperate regions

other aromatic plant organs (stems, fruits, seeds, roots, bark) of tropical origin

volatile substances that contribute to the essence, flavor and aroma; often used instead of whole plant parts

Why do humans use spices

Flavor and antimicrobial properties

more spices are traditionally used in hotter countries, where food spoils quickly

• Cinnamon • Black pepper • Cloves • Nutmeg and mace • Ginger and turmeric • Saffron

• Chili peppers • Vanilla • Allspice

• (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) is the inner bark of the cinnamon tree, native to India and Sri Lanka; closely related Cinnamonum cassia is traded as cinnamon in the U.S. • Used for flavor in baked goods, but also in medicine, perfumes and scents

(Piper nigrum) are the fermented and dried berries of pepper vine. Sold as peppercorns or ground (freshly ground tastes better because volatile oils lose flavor after grinding)

is the same fruit berry, allowed to ripen on the vine, and the black outer portion removed; white pepper is mild, lacks the pungency of black pepper

(Eugenia caryophyllus), dried, unopened flower buds of small evergreen tree from Spice Islands

both obtained from nutmeg tree (Myristica fragans)

The seed inside the pit is the nutmeg; dried and ground, it is used in baking sweets

(Zingiber officinale)– fresh or dried rhizome of monocot herb, native to tropical Asia • Spicy, hot, pungent taste; used in baked goods, vegetables, meats and ginger ale.

relieves nausea, morning sickness and upset stomach

(Curcuma longa), dried rhizome, related to ginger, used in curry powder, prepared mustard or yellow dye

comes from the stigmas of Crocus sativus. • Native to the eastern Mediterranean countries. • An ancient yellow spice, a symbol of beauty • The most expensive spice in the world:]

(Capsicum species): fruits of herbaceous plants from Mexico, Central and South America. They come in many varieties, sizes and pungency levels (Scoville units)

is used as a painkiller to treat arthritis, headaches, etc.

Vanilla planifolia) fermented and dried fruit of an orchid from Mexico – called vanilla bean. Aztecs used it as flavoring, perfume and medicine.

(Pimenta dioica) dried fruits of Caribbean tree; named allspice because it tastes like a combination of cinnamon, clove, nutmeg.

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Spices and Herbs

Question	Answer
Herbs	aromatic leaves or seeds of plants from temperate regions
Spices	other aromatic plant organs (stems, fruits, seeds, roots, bark) of tropical origin
Essential oils	volatile substances that contribute to the essence, flavor and aroma; often used instead of whole plant parts
What are Essential oils	a type of secondary compound
Why do humans use spices	Flavor and antimicrobial properties
climate (spices)	more spices are traditionally used in hotter countries, where food spoils quickly
Old World spices	• Cinnamon • Black pepper • Cloves • Nutmeg and mace • Ginger and turmeric • Saffron
New World spices	• Chili peppers • Vanilla • Allspice
Cinnamon	• (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) is the inner bark of the cinnamon tree, native to India and Sri Lanka; closely related Cinnamonum cassia is traded as cinnamon in the U.S. • Used for flavor in baked goods, but also in medicine, perfumes and scents
Pepper	(Piper nigrum) are the fermented and dried berries of pepper vine. Sold as peppercorns or ground (freshly ground tastes better because volatile oils lose flavor after grinding)
White pepper	is the same fruit berry, allowed to ripen on the vine, and the black outer portion removed; white pepper is mild, lacks the pungency of black pepper
Cloves	(Eugenia caryophyllus), dried, unopened flower buds of small evergreen tree from Spice Islands
Nutmeg and mace	both obtained from nutmeg tree (Myristica fragans)
Which is a Drupe	Nutmeg and mace tree
Nutmeg	The seed inside the pit is the nutmeg; dried and ground, it is used in baking sweets
Ginger	(Zingiber officinale)– fresh or dried rhizome of monocot herb, native to tropical Asia • Spicy, hot, pungent taste; used in baked goods, vegetables, meats and ginger ale.
Ginger medical uses	relieves nausea, morning sickness and upset stomach
Turmeric	(Curcuma longa), dried rhizome, related to ginger, used in curry powder, prepared mustard or yellow dye
Saffron	comes from the stigmas of Crocus sativus. • Native to the eastern Mediterranean countries. • An ancient yellow spice, a symbol of beauty • The most expensive spice in the world:]
Chili peppers	(Capsicum species): fruits of herbaceous plants from Mexico, Central and South America. They come in many varieties, sizes and pungency levels (Scoville units)
Chilies	a good source of Vitamin C
capsaicin	is used as a painkiller to treat arthritis, headaches, etc.
Vanilla	Vanilla planifolia) fermented and dried fruit of an orchid from Mexico – called vanilla bean. Aztecs used it as flavoring, perfume and medicine.
Allspice	(Pimenta dioica) dried fruits of Caribbean tree; named allspice because it tastes like a combination of cinnamon, clove, nutmeg.

Created by: user-2033868

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