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Psych Exam 3 Ch. 13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| psychological attributes of groups, which include, according to one writer, "customs, habits, beliefs and values that shape emotions, behavior and life patterns" | Culture |
| why are personality psychologists interested in culture? | culture shapes self-concept, influence the expression of traits, and shapes what is considered "healthy" personality functioning, and personality isn't just internal - it is shaped by culture |
| some cultures are more complicated than others; the degree to which a culture contains diverse roles, identities, and ways of living | complexity |
| how strongly a culture enforces social norms | tightness |
| logic and cognition; strengths include artistic excellence, creativity, curiosity, critical thinking, learning; correlates with better job growth and lower unemployment | head |
| emotion and relationships; strengths include fairness, mercy, gratitude, hope, love; correlates with valuing relationships and emotions more | heart |
| the needs of the individual are the most important consideration (The U.S.) | individualism |
| the needs of the group are more important than the rights of the individual (Japan, China, and India) | collectivism |
| judging another culture from the point of view of their own. | ethnocentrism |
| all cultural views of reality are equally valid and we should not pass judgment on any of them | cultural relativism |
| Within a culture, individuals belong to more than one culture | multiculturalism |
| The importance of cross-cultural differences: studying psychological variables across cultures has afforded an opportunity to | study possible limits on generalizability and determine what is universal (human nature) and what is culturally constructed. |
| Cultural research reveals | where theories hold and where they break. |
| Carefully observe social hierarchies, spend more time with fewer people, emotional experience appears to be more grounded in assessments of social worth | collectivist cutlures |
| less attentive to differences in status, people spend less time with more people, people report experiencing more self-focused emotions (e.g., anger) | individualist cultures |
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alumesi