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Digestive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Lower GI/cardiac sphincter | relax to let food pass into the stomach; contracts to prevent stomach acids from backing up into the esophagus |
| Pyloric sphincter | Smooth muscle that controls stomach emptying into the duodenum |
| Duodenum | chemical digestion |
| Cecum | 1st part of large intestines; receives chyme from the small intestine |
| Ascending colon | Material moves into the colon on the right side of the body |
| Ileocecal valve | entry of large intestine; pass undirected & unabsorbed chyme |
| Appendix | serves as a reservoir for intestinal bacterial |
| Esophagus | pass from from trachea to stomach; penetrate the diaphragm through esophageal hiatu |
| Stomach | churn food down breaking it into smaller particles & turn it into chyme |
| Liver | produce bile for digestion |
| Pancreatic duct | opens into duodenum |
| transverse colon | absorption |
| descending colon | stores, solidifies, & transport feces toward sigmoid colon |
| small intestine | cause chyme to spiral to provide more time needed for nutrients to be fully absorbed |
| rectum | its valves help separate the feces from gas to prevent their simultaneous passage |
| anal canal | include 2 sphincters that also assist w/ release of feces & gas |
| gallbladder | its. Folded lining allow to expand & act as overflow reservoir for bile |
| cystic duct | leads to gallbladder |
| common bile duct | Drains bile into the small intestine |
| Liver components | Central vein & Hepatocytes |
| Central vein | drains blood into the hepatic vein |
| Hepatocytes | process the nutrients, toxins, & waste via blood |
| Acinar cells | secrete the enzyme-rich pancreatic juice into tiny merging ducts |
| Pancreas' components | islets & acinar cells |
| Pancreatic islets | produce hormones that regulate blood sugar |
| Small intestines' component | Goblet cells, crypts, & vili |
| Goblet cells | produce mucus |
| Crypts | tubular, gland-like located at the base of villi; houses goblet cells |
| Vili | “Finger like projections”; increase the surface area of the epithelium |
| layers of alimentary canal | mucosa (inner tongue), submucosa, muscularis (circular & longitudal muscles), & serosa |
| Mucosa | Mucous membrane that contains cells that secret mucus, digest enzymes, hormones, and others for protection against foodborne bacteria |
| Submucosa | Dense CT layer that release digestive secretions; serves as a conduit for submucosal plexus (nerves) |
| Muscularis | double layers (inner circular & outer longitudinal) of contractions to promote mechanical digestion; has a third layer called oblique muscle |
| Serosa | consists a layer of visceral periotneum & overlying layer of loose C.T.; reduces friction |
| Kupffer cells | star-shaped phagocytes that remove dead rbc & wbc, bacteria, other other foreigners |
| Portal triad | consist bile duct, hepatic artery branch, & hepatic portal vein branch |
Created by:
FuirzH