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Ap psych paired term
Ap psych confused pairs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic Nervous System | -Sympathetic Nervous System: speeds up body processes body (fight-or-flight) -Parasympathetic Nervous System: slows down body processes (rest-and-digest) |
| Neurotransmitters vs. Hormones | -Neurotransmitters: chemical messages between neurons (fast) -Hormones: chemical messages that travel through bloodstream (slower, longer-lasting) |
| Lateral Hypothalamus vs. Ventromedial Hypothalamus | Lateral Hypothalamus: triggers hunger Ventromedial Hypothalamus: signals fullness |
| Bottom-up vs. Top-down Processing | -Bottom-up Processing: starts with sensory input -Top-down Processing: uses prior knowledge/expectations |
| Broca’s Area vs. Wernicke’s Area | -Broca’s Area: speech production -Wernicke’s Area: language comprehension |
| Identical vs. Fraternal Twins | -Identical Twins: same genes (two people from one egg) -Fraternal Twins: different genes (two people two separate eggs) |
| Agonist vs. Antagonist | -Agonist: increases neurotransmitter effect -Antagonist: blocks neurotransmitter effect |
| Afferent vs. Efferent Neurons | -Afferent Neurons: sends signals to the brain -Efferent Neurons: sends signals to the muscles and glands |
| Assimilation vs. Accommodation | Assimilation:fitting new information into existing schema Accommodation:changing schemas to incorporate new information |
| Foot-in-the-door vs. Door-in-the-face | -Foot-in-the-door:start with a small request to get agreement, then follow with a larger request. -Door-in-the-face: start with a large, likely rejected request, then follow with a smaller request. |
| Concrete vs. Formal Operations | Concrete: logical thinking about real things Formal: abstract, hypothetical thinking |
| Random Assignment vs. Random Sample | Random Sample: You randomly choose people from a population to be in the study. Random Assignment: You randomly place participants into different groups (experimental vs. control). |
| Rods vs. Cones | Rods- Detect light and dark, work best in dim lighting, but don’t see detail or color well. Cones:Detect color and fine detail, work best in bright light. |
| Applied vs. Basic Research | Applied Research:Conducted to solve real-world problems. Basic Research: Conducted to increase knowledge or understanding of a topic. |
| Classical vs. Operant Conditioning | Classical Conditioning: associate two stimuli Operant Conditioning: associating behaviors with rewards or consequences |
| Quantitative vs. Qualitative Data | Quantitative Data: Data in the form of numbers that can be measured Qualitative Data: Data in the form of descriptions or words |
| Self-serving bias vs. Self-fulfilling prophecy | Self-serving bias: Tendency to credit yourself for success and blame outside factors for failure. Self-fulfilling prophecy: When your expectations influence behavior and cause the expected outcome to actually occur |
| Primacy vs. Recency Effect | Primacy Effect: remember the first items best Recency Effect: remember the last items best |
| Implicit vs. Explicit Memory | Implicit Memory: unconscious memory (remembering skills) Explicit Memory: conscious memory (remembering facts/events) |
| Recall vs. Recognition | Recall: retrieving information without cues Recognition: retrieving information with cues |
| Collectivist vs. Individualistic Culture | Collectivist Culture: Prioritizes the group over the individual. Individualistic Culture:Prioritizes the individual over the group. |
| Algorithm vs. Heuristic | -Algorithm: a method of problem solving by using a step-by-step procedure -Heuristic: a method of problem solving by using quick shortcuts |
| Descriptive vs. Inferential Statistics | Descriptive Statistics: summarizes data Inferential Statistics: makes predictions/generalizations based on data |
| Syntax vs. Semantics | Syntax:The rules for arranging words in a sentence (grammar). Semantics: The meaning of words and sentences. |
| Representative vs. Availability Heuristic | -Representative Heuristic: Judge something based on how similar it is to a typical example (prototype). Availability Heuristic: Judge something based on how easily examples come to mind. |
| Anterograde vs. Retrograde Amnesia | Anterograde Amnesia: Inability to form new memories after the event. -Retrograde Amnesia: Loss of memories from before the event. |
| Phonemes vs. Morphemes | Phonemes: smallest units of sound in a word Morphemes: smallest units of meaning in a word |
| Systematic Desensitization vs. Aversion Conditioning | -Desensitization: associating relaxation techniques with stimuli that causes fear (leads to decreased fear and anxiety) Aversion: associate bad feelings with certain behaviors |
| Absolute Threshold vs. Just-Noticeable Difference | -Absolute Threshold: smallest detectable stimulus that you can detect 50% of the time Just-Noticeable Difference: the smallest detectable change in a stimulus that you can detect 50% of the time |
| Predictive vs. Content Validity | - Predictive Validity: a measure of how well a test is at predicting future performance Content Validity : a measure of how well a test covers what it is testing |
| . Corpus Callosum vs. Cerebral Cortex | Corpus callosum: connects hemispheres Cerebral cortex: outer brain layer which is used for thinking |
| Sensation vs. Perception | Sensation: detect stimuli Perception: interpret stimuli |
| Fluid vs. Crystallized Intelligence | Fluid Intelligence: the Ability to solve new problems, think logically, and adapt to new situations. Crystallized Intelligence: Knowledge and skills acquired through experience and education. |
| Achievement vs. Aptitude Test | Achievement Test: Measures what you have already learned or mastered. Aptitude Test: Measures your potential to learn or succeed in the future. |
| Type A vs. Type B Personality | Type A Personality:Competitive, ambitious, high-stress, Type B Personality :Relaxed, easygoing, low-stress |
| Self-concept vs. Self-esteem | Self-concept: who you think you are Self-esteem: how you feel about yourself |
| . Conduction vs. Sensorineural Hearing Loss | Conduction: hearing loss caused by problem in outer/middle ear Sensorineural: hearing loss caused by inner ear or nerve damage |
| Convergent vs. Divergent Thinking | Convergent: thinking that leads to one correct answer Divergent: thinking that leads to many possible answers |
Created by:
KenechukwuIE