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Com. Dis. Q4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| motor speech disorder | impairment of speech production caused by defects in the neuromuscular system, the motor control system, or both |
| resonatory system | regulates resonation and vibration of airflow as it moves from the pharynx to oral and nasal cavities |
| velopharyngeal port | opening between the velum and back of pharynx wall |
| motor planning | process that defines and sequences articulatory goals |
| motor programming | establishing and preparing the flow of motor information across the muscle for speech production and specifying the timing and force required for movements |
| motor execution | the process of actually activating the relevant muscles during the movements used in speech production |
| motor learning | is the way in which practice or experience leads to relatively permanent changes in capability of movement |
| schemas | memory representations of relationships between various sources of information |
| etiology: acquired | results from damage to the previously intact nervous system; CVA, degenerative disorders, brain tumors, TBI |
| etiology: developmental | abnormal develop of the nervous system |
| manifestation: motor planning/programming | muscle physiology and movement abilities are intact, but coordination of relevant muscle groups for a given speech target is disrupted |
| manifestation: motor execution | disruption of muscle physiology; tongue paralysis; tremors |
| 4 aspects of severity | body structure, body function, activityparticipation, contextual factors |
| apraxia of speech | impairment of motor programming and planning that involves inability to transform a linguistic representation into the appropriate coordinated movement of articulators: primarily impacts articulatory system |
| prosody | rhythm, stress, and intonation of speech |
| childhood apraxia of speech | same as adult, but in children; severe unintelligibility |
| acquired dysarthria | disruption of the execution of speech movements; disturbance of neuromuscular control |
| tone | resistance of passive movement |
| strength | the ability of muscle to contract to desired level |
| steadiness | ability of muscles to development steady movement |
| range | how far a structure can move |
| coordination | ability to precisely time muscle contractions so that each articulator moves the intended distance and direction at exactly the right time |
| spastic dysarthria | increased muscle tone, weakness, reduced speed of movement, and a state of hyper reflexes |
| flaccid dysarthria | muscle weakness, atrophy, and hypotonicity |
| hypokinetic dysarthria | slowness of movement, rigidity, and static tremor; damage to basal ganglia |
| hyperkinetic dysarthira | variable muscle tone and involuntary movements |
| ataxic dysarthria | damage to cerebellum; incoordination, undershooting or overshooting when recaching for a target, and tremors |
| unilateral upper motor neuron dysarthria | weakness of lower face or tongue on one side |
| developmental dysarthria | present at birth and accompany a known disturbance to neuromuscular functioning; mostly spastic and diskinetic |
| chorea | sudden and fast flailing movements |
| athetosis | slow, writhing movements |
| assessment | assessment of nonspeech oral movements so that underlying impairment may be isolated from overall behavior |
| generalization | application or transfer of a skill to related but untrained movement patterns |
| acoustics measures | visual representation of speech sound waves |
| physiological measures | muscle strength, endurance, and airflow |
| perceptual measures | judgement of intelligibility, accuracy, and speech in speech production |
| hearing loss | condition in which the person is unable to detect or distinguish the range of sounds normally available to the human ear |
| conductive hearing loss | outer and middle ear; reduction of sound being able to be hear but your voice sounds too loud |
| sensorineural hearing loss | cochlea and auditory nerve |
| cochlear damage | decreased hearing acuity; difficulty hearing soft sounds or speech; decreased in clarity of speech perception |
| recruitment | reduced tolerance for loud sounds |
| Signal-to-noise ratio loss | hearing loss and loss of speech clarity due to inner ear hair cell damage |
| mastication | chewing |
| deglutition | swallowing |
| dysphagia | difficulty or impaired swallowing |
| feeding | early stages of swallowing |
| bolus | food or liquid mixed with saliva but will be swallowed |
| oral preparatory stage | preparing food for transport; lips, tongue, soft palate hold food within oral cavity |
| oral transport stage | bolus is transported from oral cavity to pharynx; swallow reflux is triggered when bolus touches the back of the throat |
| pharyngeal stage | bolus is propelled into the pharynx, the muscles of the pharynx contract to move the bolus down the back of the larynx and the airway closes and larynx elevates |
| esophageal stage | transport of the bolus to the stomach via peristalsis |
| penetration | when food or liquid gets past the upper boundary of the larynx: result is coughing, choking, and respiratory distress |
| aspiration | food enters the larynx and passes into the trachea and lungs; results in infection |
Created by:
zoedinius