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Ap Psych Emotions
Ap Psych Emotions and Motivation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 3 components of Emotions | Emotions – -Physiological: body’s automatic response (heart rate, hormones) -Expressive: outward behavior or facial expression -Conscious: thoughts or feelings |
| facial feedback hypothesis | -the idea that your facial expressions can influence your emotions. -In other words, smiling can make you feel happier, and frowning can make you feel sad or angry, not just reflect it. |
| Behavioral feedback effect | the idea that your actions or behaviors can influence your emotions and attitudes. -Ex: walking confidently can make you feel more confident, or acting friendly can make you feel happier |
| Broaden-and-Build Theory | -a psychological theory that says that positive emotions broaden your thinking and attention, which helps you build lasting personal resources like skills, relationships, and resilience. |
| Explain the Broaden part of the theory | -Positive emotions (like joy, curiosity, love) make you more open-minded and creative. |
| Explain the Build part of the theory | - Positive emotions leads to real-life benefits, such as stronger social bonds, better coping skills, and improved well-being. |
| The 6 Universal Emotions recognized in many cultures | - Happiness - sadness - fear -anger -disgust -surprise |
| Display rules | -cultural norms that dictate how, when, and to whom people can express emotions. -Different cultures encourage or suppress certain emotional expressions. Ex:, some cultures discourage showing anger in public, while others don't |
| Elicitors | stimuli or events that trigger an emotional response. -Ex: hearing a funny joke elicits laughter or seeing a snake elicits fear. |
| Instinct Theory | states that behavior is driven by innate, automatic patterns that are consistent within a species Ex: birds migrating and infants sucking |
| Drive-Reduction Theory | -states that motivation comes from reducing a physiological need to restore homeostasis (balanced internal state of the body) Ex: eating to maintain hungry levels and drinking water to balance fluid levels |
| Arousal Theory | -states that people are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal (excitement) - we seek stimulation when bored - we seek to be calmed when overstimulated. |
| Yerkes-Dodson Law | -the idea that performance increases with arousal up to an optimal point, but too much arousal can hurt performance. -Low arousal: poor performance Optimal arousal: peak performance High arousal: lowers performance |
| Lewin’s Motivational Conflicts Theory | Lewin proposed that motivation arises from conflicts between goals, thus creating tension that must be resolved. |
| - 3 Main types of conflict from Lewin's Motivational Conflicts Theory | -Approach-Approach Conflict -Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict -Approach-Avoidance Conflict |
| Approach-Approach Conflict | Choosing between two desirable options (easier to resolve). -Ex: Choosing between going to Disneyland or going to a beach vacation. Both are appealing, so you just pick one. |
| Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict | -Choosing between two undesirable options (stressful). -Ex: Choosing between doing a, boring homework assignment or cleaning the messy garage. Neither is fun, so it’s stressful. |
| Approach-Avoidance Conflict | - One goal has both positive and negative aspects (hardest to resolve). -Ex: Getting a promotion at work – you get more money and status but also more responsibility and longer hours |
| Ghrelin | -Hormone produced in the stomach that signals hunger to the brain. -think stomach grrowlining because of hunger -“I’m hungry” hormone |
| Leptin | Hormone that signals fullnessto the brain. -“I’m full” hormone |
| Hypothalamus | -Brain region that regulates basic drives like hunger, thirst, and body temperature. |
| Pituitary Gland | -the gland that releases hormones that regulate hunger and stress levels |
| Survival Value of Emotions – | - Emotions are adaptive because they help organisms survive and reproduce. -Ex: Fear helps you avoid danger, love helps form bonds. |
| Within-Culture Variation | -individuals within the same culture express or experience emotions differently Ex: Some people are more expressive, others are more reserved, even in the same culture. |
| Successive Theory | Your body reacts first, then you feel the emotion. Example: heart races → then you feel scared |
| Simultaneous Theory | Your body reaction and emotion happen at the same time. Example: heart races and you feel scared at the same time |
| Cognitive Label Theory | You feel arousal, then you think about it (label it) to decide the emotion. Example: heart races, then you recognize that you are in a "dangerous situation" so then you label what you are feeling as fear |
| Yerkes-Dodson Law (Easy vs simple tasks) | -low arousal+ difficult task= increase in performance -high arousal+ easy task=increase in performance |
| Sensation-Seeking Theory | The idea that people are motivated to seek new and exciting experiences, often to increase arousal. -states that people differ in their optimal arousal and thus some seek more intense experiences than others |
| Self-Determination Theory | Says that motivation is strongest when three basic needs are met: autonomy (control), competence (ability), and relatedness (connection to others). |
| Extrinsic Motivation | Motivation driven by external rewards or avoiding punishment (e.g., money, grades). |
| Intrinsic Motivation | Motivation driven by internal enjoyment or interest in the task itself. |
| Optimal Level of Arousal | The ideal level of alertness or excitement at which performance is best -not too bored, not too stressed -vaires in different people |
Created by:
KenechukwuIE