Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Spinal Nerves
Chapter 12 - A & P Lecture
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are spinal nerves? | mixed nerves that connect the spinal cord to the rest of the body. |
| what is Sensory (afferent) information? | to the spinal cord |
| what is Motor (efferent) signals? | away from the spinal cord |
| list the components of a spinal nerve? | Axons, Schwann cells, Connective tissue layers |
| Axons are essentially _____ _____ | nerve fibers |
| what do Schwann cells produce? | myelin |
| describe the organization of connective tissue? | Endoneurium, Perineurium, Epineurium |
| what is the Endoneurium? | surrounds individual neurons |
| what is the Perineurium? | Surrounds bundles of axons → forms a fascicle |
| what is the Epineurium | Surrounds the entire nerve |
| how many pairs of spinal nerves are there? | 31 |
| describe the distribution of spinal nerves by region: | 8 cervical (C1–C8) 12 thoracic (T1–T12) 5 lumbar (L1–L5) 5 sacral (S1–S5) 1 coccygeal |
| what nerve exits between the skull & atlas (c1 vertebra?)? | C1 nerve |
| what nerve exits between the intervertebral foramina? | most spinal nerves |
| what nerve exits between the sacral foramina? | last 4 pairs |
| what is a dermatome? | area of skin that sends sensory information \ to the brain through specific spinal nerve |
| each spinal nerve corresponds to a specific ____ ______. | skin region |
| the Dermatomal Map is labeled by: | Letter (region) + number (level) (e.g., C5, T10) |
| what is the importance of the Dermatomal Map? | - Used to diagnose nerve damage - Loss of sensation in a region → indicates specific spinal nerve involvement |
| After exiting the spinal cord, each spinal nerve splits into.... | branches called rami |
| describe the Dorsal Ramus? | Innervates: - Deep back muscles (movement of vertebral column) - Skin near the midline of the back |
| describe the Ventral Ramus? | - In the Thoracic Region - Form intercostal nerves - Supply: Intercostal muscles & Skin of the thorax |
| list the major plexuses: | Cervical Plexus (C1–C4), Brachial Plexus (C5–T1), Lumbar Plexus (L1–L4), Sacral Plexus (L4–S4), Coccygeal Plexus (S5 + Coccygeal Nerve) |
| what is the Cervical Plexus (C1–C4) function? | Innervates: - Skin of the neck - Parts of the head - Some neck muscles |
| List the stuctures of the Cervical Plexus (C1–C4): | Ansa cervicalis & Phrenic nerve |
| what is the Ansa cervicalis? | - Nerve loop (C1–C3) - Controls infrahyoid muscles |
| what is the Phrenic nerve (C3–C5)? | - Innervates the diaphragm |
| what is the Brachial Plexus (C5–T1) function? | Supplies the upper limb |
| describe the orginzation of the Brachial Plexus (C5–T1)? | Ventral rami → Trunks → Divisions → Cords → Branches |
| list the major terminal nerves Brachial Plexus (C5–T1): | - Axillary - Radial - Musculocutaneous - Ulnar - Median |
| what is the Lumbar Plexus (L1–L4) function? | Supplies anterior and medial thigh |
| list the major nerves Lumbar Plexus (L1–L4): | Femoral & Obturator |
| what is the Sacral Plexus (L4–S4) function? | Supplies posterior thigh, leg, and foot |
| list the major nerves Sacral Plexus (L4–S4): | Tibial & Common fibular (peroneal) |
| what is the sciatic nerve of the Sacral Plexus (L4–S4)? | - The tibial + common fibular nerves together - Travel as one large nerve in the thigh |
| what is the Coccygeal Plexus (S5 + Coccygeal Nerve) function? | Innervates: - Pelvic floor muscles - Skin over the coccyx |
| what is the Communicating Rami? | Connect spinal nerves to the sympathetic chain ganglia |
| what is the function of Communicating Rami? | Allow integration with the autonomic nervous system |
| list 3 diseases and disorders of the spinal cord: | Meningitis, Rabies, Herpes |
| what is Meningitis? | Inflammation of meninges caused by viral/bacterial infection; symptoms include stiffness of neck, headache, and fever; severe cases can cause paralysis, coma, or death |
| what is Rabies? | Viral disease transmitted by an infected animal; brain infection results in abnormal excitability, aggression, paralysis, and death |
| what is Herpes? | Family of diseases characterized by skin lesions due to herpes viruses in sensory ganglia; different viruses cause oral lesions (cold sores), sexually transmitted disease with lesions on genitalia, or chickenpox in children (shingles in adults) |
Created by:
academicweapon.com