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Biol chapter 10 term
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Distribution & Abundance of Organisms | Where organisms live and how many exist in a given area |
| Organismal Ecology | Study of how individuals respond to environment |
| Population Ecology | Study of population size and changes over time |
| Community Ecology | Study of interactions between species |
| Ecosystem Ecology | Study of energy flow and nutrient cycling |
| Global Ecology | Study of biosphere-wide processes |
| Abiotic Factors | Non-living components affecting organisms |
| Biotic Factors | Living interactions affecting organisms |
| Climate | Long-term environmental patterns |
| Weather | Short-term environmental conditions |
| Solar Radiation | Uneven heating of Earth driving climate |
| Global Air Circulation | Large-scale movement of air distributing heat |
| Hadley Cells | Rising warm air at equator and sinking dry air |
| Rain Shadow Effect | Mountains block precipitation leading to dry areas |
| Ocean Currents | Movement of ocean water redistributing heat |
| Upwelling | Deep nutrient-rich water rises to surface |
| Turnover | Seasonal mixing of lake water |
| Microclimate | Local climate differing from surrounding area |
| Biome | Large ecological region defined by climate and vegetation |
| Tropical Forest | Warm, high rainfall biome |
| Savanna | Grassland with seasonal rainfall |
| Desert | Low precipitation biome |
| Temperate Grassland | Moderate rainfall, seasonal variation |
| Temperate Forest | Seasonal climate with deciduous trees |
| Coniferous Forest (Taiga) | Cold biome with evergreen trees |
| Tundra | Cold, dry biome with permafrost |
| Permafrost | Permanently frozen soil |
| Aquatic Biomes | Water-based ecosystems influenced by depth and chemistry |
| Lakes & Ponds | Standing water systems |
| Epilimnion | Warm surface layer |
| Thermocline | Rapid temperature change layer |
| Hypolimnion | Cold deep layer |
| Rivers & Streams | Flowing water ecosystems |
| Wetlands | Saturated land ecosystems |
| Marine Biomes | Saltwater ecosystems |
| Photic Zone | Light-penetrated zone |
| Aphotic Zone | No light zone |
| Benthic Zone | Bottom substrate zone |
| Pelagic Zone | Open water zone |
| Intertidal Zone | Between high and low tide |
| Coral Reefs | Diverse ecosystems in shallow water |
| Estuaries | Mix of freshwater and saltwater |
| Primary Production | Conversion of solar energy to chemical energy |
| Net Primary Production (NPP) | Energy available to consumers |
| Limiting Factors | Factors restricting population growth |
| Disturbance | Event disrupting ecosystem |
| Ecotone | Transition between biomes |
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