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things i dont know
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Paraphyletic Clade | Share a common ancestor but exclude some descendants |
| Polyphyletic Clade | unrelated organisms that don’t share a recent common ancestor |
| Amoeboid Protozoa SOFT | heterotroph with pseudops, phagocytosis |
| The symbiont lives in the gut of termites and enables the host to digest wood | Parabasalid Hypermastigote |
| Endosymbiosis | Cell engulfs another cell |
| Endosymbiont Theory | Eukaryote engulfs prokaryote, prokaryote becomes organelles like chloroplast or mitochondria |
| Secondary Endosymbiosis | Eukaryote engulfs eukaryote |
| Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain these two things associated with their membrane | Ribosomes and circular dna |
| Mitochondria and chloroplasts differ from other eukaryotic organelles in that they have a _____ ______. | Double membrane |
| In endosymbiosis, the engulfed cell is called the ______. | endosymbiont, or symbiont |
| In endosymbiosis, the cell containing the engulfed cell is called the ______. | host |
| Mitochondria and chloroplasts replicate by a splitting process similar to which group of organisms? | Bacteria |
| Spores | reproductive cell that can grow into a new organism by itself and is a haploid |
| Gamete | sex cell that must fuse with another gamete to form another organism, is haploid |
| In terms of size, reaction to antibiotics, and RNA sequences, the ribosomes of mitochondria and plastids are more similar to ______ ribosomes. | Bacterial |
| Mitochondria likely evolved from ______. | Alpha proteobacteria |
| The nucleomorph is a piece of evidence for ______. | Secondary endosymbiosis |
| In serial endosymbiosis, the first symbiont would be a ___ | Mitochondria |
| This may be a cause for increasing antibiotic resistance: ______. | Biofilms (protect bacteria from antibiotics, making infections harder to treat) |
| Ecology | How organisms function in nature |
| Trypanosome | needs a vector, is a parasite, is flagellated, and causes sleeping sickness or Chagas disease. |
| This organism caused the Irish potato famine. | Phytophthora Infestans |
| Caused sudden oak death | Phytophthora ramorum |
| This organism uses cilia to move, has a micro- and macronucleus, and runs conjugation, where the parent becomes the offspring | Ciliates |
| This group has 4 membranes, is flagellated, and has plates made of cellulose. | Dinoflagellates |
| This organism causes fish death, is carnivorous, and can bioluminesce. | Pfiesteria piscicida/shumwayae |
| This disease is caused by feces from cats; pregnant women can pass it to their offspring. | Toxoplasmosis |
| heterotroph with pseudopods and performs phagocytosis. STIFF shell | Actinopoda |
| Have silica shells, fossil remains from chert (flint) | radiolarians |
| This organism has a chalk shell and produces forams. | Foraminifera |
| red algae that is used to make agar. | Rhodophyta |
| This organism causes dysentery | Entamoeba histolytica |
| This organism is part fungus and animal, and they are decomposers and slime molds | Mycetozoa |
| This organism is a heterotroph, flagellated, colonial, and is similar to sponges. | Choanoflagellates |
| A life cycle dominated by the 2n phase, with meiosis occurring during gamete formation, is called ______. | Diplontic |
| A life cycle dominated by the n phase, with meiosis occurring in the zygote, is called ______. | Haplontic |
| Primary producer among protists | algae |
| The heterotrophic protists that eat the primary producers are called ______. | Protozoa |
| An obligate anaerobe that oxidizes hydrogen gas and produces methane (“swamp gas”) is called a ______. | Methanogens (archaea) |
| This organism oxidizes sulfur near deep-sea vents. | Sulfolobus |
| three main sexually transmitted diseases are ______, ______, and ______. | gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis |
| The six main metabolisms from the slideshow are | Chemoautotrophs Photoautotrophs Chemoheterotophs Photoheterotrophs Mixotrophs Extremophiles |
| The four characteristics of prokaryotes that enable them to thrive and reproduce are: ______, ______, ______, ______. | Reproduction Nutrition Mutations Evolution |
| Secondary endosymbiosis | Three membranes |
| Chloroplast and mitochondria | two membranes |
| Diatoms, Chrysophyta, Phaephyta | plastids with 3 membranes |
| Dinoflagellates | plastids with 4 membrane |
| Chlorophyta | plastids with 2 membrane |
| Protist body structure | Unicellular (single celled organism) Colonial (group of cells live together, limited specialization) Multicellular (Multiple cells w some differentiation,not complex) |
| Protist locomotion | Cilia (short, hairy-like structures that help mvmt and fding Flagella (long, whip-like structures, NOT homologous w prokaryotes) Pseudopia (cytoplasmic extensions used for mvmt, engulf food) Passive/non-motile: some protists rely on currents/stationary |
| Protist reproduction | Asexual (most common, occurs by mitosis) Sexual (when organism experiences environmental stress, forms cyst to help it survive unfavorable conditions) |
| The three modes of nutrition for protists and examples: | Photosynthetic: make their own food using light → algae Heterotrophic: consume other organisms → protozoa Mixotrophic: combine photosynthesis and heterotrophy → some plankton (zoo- or phytoplankto |
| Why is there not a clear relationship between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? | Horizontal gene transfer makes it hard to trace relationships: Transduction: viruses (phages) transfer DNA Conjugation: DNA/plasmids pass through pili Too much variation exists in species, so phylogenetic trees are confusing |
| Why are protist groups constantly changing? What makes them different? | Protists are a waste-basket taxon → no clear monophyletic grouping High variation among species Classification changes as science and phylogenetics evolve |
Created by:
Brookelol