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Task List A
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Applied | A dimension of ABA that refers to the commitment to effecting improvements in behaviors that enhance and improve people’s lives. |
| Analytic | A dimension of ABA that refers to when the experimenter has demonstrated control over the target behavior and a functional relationship exists. |
| Behavioral | A dimension of ABA that refers to the indication that a study analyzing physical events that can be precisely measured and that the individual whose actions changed is identified. |
| Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) | The science in which tactics derived from the principles of behavior are applied to improve socially significant behavior and experimentation is used to identify the variables responsible for the improvement in behavior. |
| Conceptually Systematic | A dimension of ABA that refers to when a study’s procedures for changing behavior and any interpretations of how or why those procedures were effective are described in terms of the relevant principle(s) from which they were derived. |
| Behaviorism | The philosophy of a science of behavior; there are various forms of behaviorism. |
| Correlation | When systematic covariation between events is found. |
| Control | To establish control, independent variables must be manipulated leading to a change in the dependent variable. |
| Description | Descriptive knowledge is a collection of facts about the observed events that can be quantified, classified, and examined for possible relations to other facts. |
| Cultural Selection | The transference of behaviors from one member to another within a group of individuals. |
| Effective | A dimension of ABA that refers to an application of behavioral techniques that improves the behavior under investigation to a practical degree. |
| Determinism | The assumption that the universe is a lawful and orderly place in which phenomena occur in relation to other events and not in a willy-nilly, accidental fashion. |
| Experiment | A carefully controlled comparison of some measure of the phenomenon of interest (the dependent variable) under two or more different conditions in which only one factor at a time (the independent variable) differs from one condition to another. |
| Empiricism | The objective observation of the phenomena of interest; objective observations are “independent of the individual prejudices, tastes, and private opinions of the scientist Results of empirical methods are objective in that they are open to anyone’s observ |
| Explanatory Fiction | A fictitious or hypothetical variable that often takes the form of another name for the observed phenomenon it claims to explain and contributes nothing to a functional account or understanding of the phenomenon, such as “intelligence” or “cognitive aware |
| Experimental Analysis of Behavior (EAB) | A natural science approach to the study of behavior as a subject matter in its own right founded by B.F. Skinner; methodological features include rate of response as a basic dependent variable, repeated or continuous measurement of clearly defined respons |
| Generality | A dimension of ABA that refers to a behavior change that lasts over time, appears in environments other than the one in which the intervention that initially produced it was implemented, and/or spread to other behaviors not directly treated by the interve |
| Functional Relation | A verbal statement summarizing the results of an experiment (or a group of related experiments) that describes the occurrence of the phenomena under study as a function of the operation of one or more specified and controlled variables in the experiment i |
| Mentalism | An approach to explaining behavior that assumes that a mental, or “inner,” dimension exists that differs from a behavioral dimension and that phenomena in this dimension either directly cause or at least mediate some forms of behavior, if not all. |
| Hypothetical Constructs | A presumed but unobserved process or entity (e.g., Freud's id, ego, and superego). |
| Ontogenic Selectionism | The development of an organism based on individual experiences with contingencies that result in punishment or reinforcement. |
| Methodological Behaviorism | A philosophical position that views behavioral events that cannot be publicly observed as outside the realm of science. |
| Philosophical doubt | An attitude that the truthfulness and validity of all scientific theory and knowledge should be continually questioned. |
| Parsimony | The practice of ruling out simple, logical explanations, experimentally or conceptually, before considering more complex or abstract explanations. |
| Pragmatism | A philosophical position asserting that the truth value of a statement is determined by how well it promotes effective action; pragmatism is a primary criterion by which behavior analysts judge the value of their findings. |
| Phylogenic Selectionism | How the natural evolution of a species occurs particularly in ways that are based on contingencies necessary for survival of the species. |
| Professional Practice Guided by the science of Behavior | Individual interventions created based on the principles of behaviorism, the research of experimental analysis of behavior, and the applications of ABA. |
| Prediction | The scientific goal of prediction occurs when repeated observations reveal that two events consistently covary (to vary together with another variable, particularly in a way that may be predictive) with each other. |
| Replication | (a) Repeating conditions within an experiment to determine the reliability of effects and increase internal validity. (b) Repeating whole experiments to determine the generality of findings of previous experiments to other subjects, settings, and/or beha |
| Radical Behaviorism | A form of behaviorism that attempts to understand all human behavior, including private events such as thoughts and feelings, in terms of controlling variables in the history of the person (ontogeny) and the species (phylogeny). |
| Technological | A dimension of ABA that refers to when all of a study’s operative procedures are identified and described with sufficient detail and clarity. |
| Selectionism | A theory that all forms of life naturally and continually evolve as a result of the interaction between function and the survival value of that function. Operant selection by consequences is the conceptual and empirical foundation of behavior analysis. |
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