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week 10

QuestionAnswer
Enumerate the types of Multiple Sclerosis. Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS) Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS) Primary Progressive MS (PPMS) Progressive Relapsing MS
Enumerate the common clinical manifestations of MS. Fatigue Visual disturbances Muscle weakness Numbness/tingling Poor coordination Balance problems Bladder dysfunction
Enumerate the complications of MS. Paralysis Severe fatigue Depression Cognitive impairment Urinary infections
Enumerate the nursing education for MS patients. Avoid extreme heat Manage stress Maintain balanced diet Exercise regularly Adhere to medications
Chronic autoimmune disease causing demyelination of CNS neurons Multiple Sclerosis
Destruction of the protective covering of nerve fibers Demyelination
Most common age of onset of MS 20–40 years old
Gender more commonly affected by MS Women
Vitamin deficiency associated with MS risk Vitamin D deficiency
Most common type of MS with relapses and remissions Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS)
Type of MS that gradually worsens after RRMS Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS)
Type of MS with continuous worsening from onset Primary Progressive MS (PPMS)
Sudden interruption of blood flow to the brain causing neurologic deficits Stroke (CVA)
Brain cells begin to die within minutes without these two substances Oxygen and glucose
artery supplying anterior brain circulation Internal carotid artery
Most common type of stroke caused by blocked artery Ischemic stroke
Type of ischemic stroke caused by clot formed within the vessel Thrombotic stroke
Type of ischemic stroke caused by traveling clot Embolic stroke
Stroke caused by ruptured blood vessel Hemorrhagic stroke
Bleeding within brain tissue Intracerebral hemorrhage
Bleeding in the space surrounding the brain Subarachnoid hemorrhage
First event in stroke due to lack of oxygen Ischemia
Area of irreversible brain damage Infarct core
Area of salvageable brain tissue Ischemic penumbra
Paralysis on one side of the body Hemiplegia
Weakness on one side of the body Hemiparesis
Difficulty expressing language due to Broca’s area damage Expressive aphasia
Difficulty understanding language due to Wernicke’s area damage Receptive aphasia
Drug used to dissolve clots in ischemic stroke Alteplase
Time window for giving Alteplase Within 4.5 hours
Drug used in atrial fibrillation to prevent stroke Warfarin
Head elevation used to reduce intracranial pressure 30 degrees
Lifestyle habit that increases stroke risk Smoking
Sudden uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain Seizure
Recurrent, unprovoked seizures Epilepsy
Main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain Glutamate
Main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain GABA (Gamma-aminobutyric acid)
Imbalance of excess excitation or decreased inhibition leads to this Seizure
Seizures originating from one part of the brain Focal (partial) seizure
Involuntary actions like lip smacking or picking clothes Automatisms
Seizure with stiffening then jerking movements Tonic-clonic seizure
Brief staring spell common in children Absence seizure
Sudden brief muscle jerks Myoclonic seizure
Sudden loss of muscle tone leading to falls Atonic seizure
Muscle stiffening only Tonic seizure
Rhythmic jerking only Clonic seizure
Phase occurring hours or days before seizure with mood changes Prodromal phase
Warning sign just before seizure (e.g., smell, déjà vu) Aura
Active phase of seizure Ictal phase
Seizure lasting more than 5 minutes Status epilepticus
Test used to detect abnormal brain waves EEG
Emergency drug for status epilepticus (benzodiazepine) Diazepam
Created by: yatteyy
 

 



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