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Genetics Exam

Chapter 7

QuestionAnswer
Zygote Fertilized egg, not yet fetus
Gonads Reproductive glands, gametes are produced here
Testes Male gonads, produce spermatozoa
Ovaries Female gonads, Produce oocytes
Epididymis Where sperm are matured and stored
Vas deferens duct that connects to epididymis, sperm travels through
Ejaculatory duct Short connector from vas Deferens to urethra
Urethra Tube that passes from bladder to outside, also carries sperm in males
Seminal vesicles Glands that secrete fructose and prostaglandins into semen
Prostaglandins Chemical messengers stimulate contraction of female reproductive system, assist in sperm movement
Prostate gland Secretes milky alkaline fluid that neutralizes acidic vaginal secretions to keep sperm alive in vaginal canal
Bulbourethral gland Secretes mucus like substance that provides lubrication in semen
Semen Mixture of sperm and other secretions, only around 5% sperm
Uterus Womb, thick walled muscular organ where an embryo develops through pregnancy
Fallopian tube (oviduct) Connects the ovaries to uterus and is site of fertilization
Fimbriae Small fingerlike projections at the end of fallopian tubes connects to ovary
Cervix Opening to uterus
Vagina Receives penis during intercourse, serves as birth canal and menstrual exit
Endometrium Lining of the uterus where fertilized egg is implanted and nourished by many blood vessels
Ovary Produces the egg
Corpus Luteum Remnants of the ruptured ovular follicle, breaks down if no pregnancy. Produces progesterone which prepares body to carry embryo
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome Causes full XY males to be phenotypically female, no reaction to male hormones
Klinfelters Syndrome Contains an extra X chromosome in males, i.e. XXY
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Causes females to have "ambiguous genitalia"
Spermatogenesis 72-14-day process that produces mature male, gametes within the seminiferous tubule
Oogenesis Occurs during embryonic development, one primary oocyte (egg) per month
Wolffian glands Early developmental gonads that turn into the male reproductive system
Mullerian glands Early developmental gonads that turn into the female reproductive system
Fimbriae Small fingerlike projections at the end of the fallopian tubes, move to guide the ovum from the ovary to the fallopian tube
Cleavage The process of a cell dividing without growth in between, doesn't change size
Blastocyst The developmental stage at which the embryo implants into the uterine wall
Trophoblast The outer layer of cells in the blastocyst gives rise to the membranes surrounding the embryo
Chorion Releases HCG, grows and forms villi that exchange nutrients and wastes with maternal blood circulation. eventually forms the placenta
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin Hormone that maintains the uterine lining and stimulates endometrial cells to produce other hormones
First Trimester Months 1-3, forms basic tissue and major organs start to form (most important organ growth happens here)
Second Trimester Months 4-6, Significant muscle and bone growth occurs, less new development compared to months 1-3
Third Trimester Months 7-9, significant maturation of the organ systems takes place
Teratogen Any physical or chemical agent that brings about an increase in congenital malformations, i.e. Radiation, viruses, medications, alcohol, etc.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Variety of birth defects caused by maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy
Estrogen Triggers a burst of luteinizing hormone which causes the egg to expel egg (ovulation)
Created by: user-1973690
 

 



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