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Stack #4660531
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| importance of stimulating plants | fortunes made from trade changed history and as important as today's computer industry, defense, oil, or legal drug trade |
| rationale for taking stimulating beverages | - flavor - feeling of alertness |
| what are stimulating beverages rich in | caffeine |
| examples of stimulating beverages | - coffee - tea - cocoa - cola |
| caffeine | the active in the most popular stimulating beverages |
| what is caffeine chemically related to | purine bases in DNA (like guanine) |
| what kind of compound is caffeine | alkaloid |
| desirable effects of caffeine | - promotes alertness - mental cognition - reaction speed - endurance/improved physical performance - relieves pain/migraines - reduce asthma - elevate mood |
| negative effects of caffeine | - faster heartbeat - constriction of blood vessels - increased respiration rate - suppression of appetite - diuresis - infertility - birth defects - insomnia - nervousness - irritability |
| coffee role in parkinson disease | lower incidence |
| what is coffee made from | seeds of coffea arabica |
| origin of coffee | - native to africa (ethiopia) - fruits and leaves were eaten for stimulation |
| history of coffee (13th century) | grown in yemen. domesticated there and roasting of beans invented |
| brewing in 16th and 17th century | spread to arabian world then to europe |
| coffee houses 1700s | popular in europe as centers for intellectual discourse |
| what coffee powered | the industrial revolution |
| coffee trade in the 17th century | mocha, arabia |
| coffee trade in the 18th century | - dutch east indies and ceylon - french indies |
| coffee trade in 1800's | brazil, it had a profound impact |
| coffee now | - produced in brazil, columbia, indonesia, and vietnam - second to oil as the world's most traded commodity (prices set by the ICO) |
| growing coffee beans | small tree, grows in cool subtropical mountain habitats |
| fruit of coffee beans | cherry |
| coffee seeds | - 2 seeds - called beans |
| coffee harvested | by hand when the beans are ripe |
| shade grown coffee | benefits songbirds by providing food and shelter, environmentally friendlier than sun-grown coffee |
| first step of processing coffee | the hull is removed |
| fermenting of seeds | 12-24 hours (but non-alcoholic) |
| drying of seeds | 1 weel |
| roasting coffee beans | producing the flavor and dark brown color |
| decaffeinated coffee | may be decaffeinated before roasting |
| who invented decaffeinated coffee | Ludwig Roselius a german chemist who was convinced his father had died of caffeine addition |
| how coffee becomes decaffeinated | a solvent (ethyl acetate) is used to soak green coffee beans and it removes the caffeine |
| what is tea made from | dried tip leaves of the spices camellia sinensis |
| when does tea come from | a small tree or shrub native to the area adjoining tibet, india, china and myanmar (formerly known as burma) |
| how are herbal teas made | infusions made from other plants than camellia sinensis |
| camellia sinensis | plants flourish in tropical or subtropical climates, with abundant rainfall and no danger of frost |
| importance of tea | more people drink tea than any other stimulating beverage in the world |
| trade of tea compared to coffee | international trade of tea is less than for coffee |
| origin of tea | originated in China about 2700 BC, according to legend Emperor Sheng Nung |
| the word china... | comes from chai, the Russian word for tea |
| history of tea | - Portuguese and Dutch introduced tea to Europe in the late 1600's, after coffee, big in UK - Tea came to American colonies; Boston Tea Party in 1773, to protest a tea tax |
| tea cultivation | - small tree, which is pruned to be a bush - the top two youngest leaves and stem tips are harvested by hand or machine |
| top tea producers | - china - india - kenya - sri lanka |
| black tea | leaves are withered, rolled, fermented (non-alcoholic) and dried |
| green tea | the leaves are steamed, rolled to break cells to release aroma, dried (not fermented) |
| oolong tea | semi fermented, leaves are greenish brown |
| white tea | least processed tea |
| tea aroma and flavor | - comes from essential oils - taste from tannins - stimulating effects from caffeine and theophylline |
| what type of tea has the most caffeine | black tea |
| what type of tea has the least caffeine | green tea |
| catechines | - strong antioxidants, may also be anticarcinogens, and anti inflammatory - found mostly in green tea |
| components in green tea that may act in human health | - xanthic bases - essential oils - polyphenols |
| xanthis bases | - caffeine (stimulates and relieves fatigue) - theophylline (relaxes bronchial muscles, respiratory stimulation) |
| essential oils | facilitates digestion |
| Polyphenols | strong antioxidants |
| health effects of green tea | lower rates of cancer (breast prostate) |
| health effects of theophyllin | treatment of asthma |
| coir | - from coconut fruit, - it’s a surface fiber (seed). - used for ropes and door mats. |
| where are coconuts from? | SE Asia |
| places in SE Asia | Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, Philippines |
| where is rubber from? | South America, brazil, amazon rainforest |
| how are tires made? | Vulcanization |
| GUAYULE PLANT | an alternative for rubber |
| where is bamboo from? | East asia |
| what animal doesn't have sensitivity to spiciness | Birds can eat it |
| Bamboo | a tree-like member of the grass family Poaceae |
| what would be the value of the plant of synthesizing casaion in the seeds and the placental region of the fruit? | to defend the seeds against fungi and seed-destroying mammals while encouraging seed dispersal by birds |
| Where is coffee beans originally from ? | Ethiopia (Known as the birthplace of Arabica coffee. ) |
| A group of secondary compounds found in plants, made to discourage grazing | Alkaloid |
| Found in soft drinks and medications such as Anacin, Excedrin, NoDoz, Vivarin, and Midol. | uses of Caffeine |
| A small tree or shrub native to regions near Tibet, India, China, and Myanmar; the source of tea | Camellia sinensis |
| A beverage made from plants other than Camellia sinensis. | Herbal Teas |
| Tropical or subtropical climates with abundant rainfall and no risk of frost. | Ideal Climate for Tea Growth |
| A stimulating beverage made from the dried leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant | Tea |
| Originated in China around 2700 BC | Tea origin |
| China, India, Kenya, and Sri Lanka | Major TEA PRODUCERS |
| An herb that contains carnosol, which may help protect against breast, lung, and skin cancers by detoxifying chemicals that may initate the cancer process | Rosemary |
| Herbaceous plants or small shrubs with simple leaves containing oil glands; used for flavoring and perfumes. | Mint Family |
| A dainty plant herb that contains compounds that may help protect against liver and breast cancer and that create a powerful aroma and flavor | Coriander (Cilantro) |
| For flavor, antimicrobial properties, and food preservation | Human Use of Spices |
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