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The universe
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| rotation | The spinning of a planet on its axis. For Earth, this causes day and night. |
| day | The time it takes for a planet to complete one full rotation |
| revolution | The movement of a planet around another object |
| year | The time it takes a planet to complete one full revolution |
| season | A division of the year marked by changes in weather and daylight, caused by Earth’s tilt and revolution. |
| equinox | The time of year when day and night are nearly equal in length |
| solstice | An object that orbits another object |
| satellite | The force that pulls objects toward each other; it keeps planets and moons in orbit. |
| gravity | The changing appearance of the Moon as seen from Earth, caused by its position relative to the Sun. |
| lunar phases | An event where one object moves into the shadow of another |
| eclipse | The darkest part of a shadow where light is completely blocked. |
| umbra | The lighter, outer part of a shadow where light is partially blocked. |
| penumbra | The rise and fall of ocean water caused mainly by the Moon’s gravity. |
| tide | The difference in height between high tide and low tide. |
| tidal range | A tide with the greatest tidal range, occurring when the Sun, Moon, and Earth are aligned. |
| spring tide | A tide with the smallest tidal range, occurring when the Sun and Moon are at right angles to Earth. |
| neap tide |