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BB Week 3

Testing and transfusions

QuestionAnswer
Albumin enhancement media Decreases net negative surface charge but only increased antibody uptake under low ionic conditions
LISS (Low Ionic Strength Saline) Increases antibody uptake, decreasing incubation time
Enzymes (papain, bromelin, ficin, trypsin) Removes sialic acid to decrease negative surface charge to promote agglutination. Increases activity of cold and warm autos, as well as Rh, Kidd, Lewis. Decreases activity of MNSs and Duffy.
PEG (Polyethylene glycol) Removes water, which increases antibody concentration
DAT steps 1) Incubate and wash cells 2) Add AHG 3) If cells coated with antibody in vivo, agglutination occurs. 4) Add CC to negative results.
Preferred tube for DAT EDTA (prevents complement activation due to chelating Ca+)
Polyclonal reagents are derived from... Inoculated animals targeting different epitopes
Monoclonal reagents are derived from... Hybridoma targeting a single epitope
Polyspecific AHG reagents are... A mixture of antibody to IgG and complement (C3b, C3d)
Monospecific AHG reagents are... Antibody to IgG OR complement
AHG in DATs Polyspecific reflexed to monospecific
AHG in IATs Monospecific anti-IgG to avoid cold reacting, nonclinically significant antibodies
AHG in Check Cells IgG or complement coated; used to make sure AHG wasn't neutralized by excess unbound antibodies
Elution principle Breaks down antigen-antibody bond to release antibody into solution. Then test eluate to determine antibody after positive IgG DAT. Test last wash (supernatant).
T/F: You can do eluates after a positive complement DAT False. You can NOT eluate off complement.
Lui freeze thaw and heat Elution is done for __ antibodies ABO
Acid or organic solvent Elutions are done for __ antibodies Auto and allo warm antibodies
Neutralizations (Inhibition) Tests Soluble antigen can bind with antibody to inhibit a reaction with RBCs to see masked reactions
Substance used for Lewis neutralization tests Saliva
Substance used for P1 neutralization tests Hyatid cyst fluid and pigeon egg whites
Substance used for Sda neutralization tests Urine
Sulfhydryl reagents AET, DTT, ZZAP, 2-ME
AET and DTT destroys/weakens... Kell
ZZAP destroys... Kell, M, N, S, Duffy
DTT and 2-Me destroys... IgM antibodies
Cholroquine diphosphate Removes IgG from RBCs but not complement to allow cells to be phenotyped. May denature Rh antigens.
Acid glycine EDTA Dissociates antibodies from RBCs and destroys Kell
Adsorption is used to: Separate multiple antibodies, Remove autos, Confirm antigen existence on RBCs, Confirm antibody specificity
T/F: Autoadsorption (patient serum and cells) can be used on patients with a recent transfusion False
T/F: Allogenic adsorption (patient serum and other cells) can be used on patients with a recent transfusion True
Solid phase procedure Antibody or antigen is fixed to a microwell plate. Then RBCs are added.
Positive solid phase result Whole well is red and spread out since antigen bound to whole plate
Negative solid phase results Only middle of well is red (button) since it all pooled to the bottom of the curvature
# Units to antigen test # Units needed x Antigen 1 neg % (decimal) x Antigen 2 neg % (decimal), etc...
Neonatal XM 1. ABO-Rh 2. Use cord/neo blood for DAT or mom's blood for ABSc. 2. AHG if issuing non-O RBCs
Infants <1200g need... CMV neg or leukoreduced blood
Intravascular (acute) hemolytic transfusion reactions usually happen due to Clerical errors involving ABO system
Intravascular (acute) hemolytic transfusion reaction symptoms Fever, hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuria, hyperbilirubinemia, kidney failure, death
Extravascular (delayed) hemolytic transfusion reactions are usually due to Anamnestic response to clinically significant alloantis
Extravascular (delayed) hemolytic transfusion reactions occur Hours to days later
Lab results of extravascular (delayed) hemolytic transfusion reactions No net change or drop in Hgb
Antibody most associated with delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions Kidd
Created by: rachelkayw
 

 



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