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Biology 2 - C05 - 06
🧬📗1️⃣ Module 5 - Blood, Blood Vessels & Human Heartbeat - SET 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Plasma | Liquid portion of blood; 55% of blood volume. |
| Red blood cells | Carry oxygen via hemoglobin; transport CO2. |
| White blood cells | Defend body against pathogens. |
| Platelets | Cell fragments involved in blood clotting. |
| Hemoglobin | Protein in RBCs that binds oxygen. |
| Arteries | Carry blood away from heart; thick muscular walls. |
| Veins | Return blood to heart; contain valves. |
| Capillaries | Thin-walled vessels for gas and nutrient exchange. |
| Aorta | Largest artery; carries blood from left ventricle to body. |
| Vena cavae | Largest veins; return blood to right atrium. |
| Pulmonary arteries | Carry deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs. |
| Pulmonary veins | Carry oxygenated blood from lungs to heart. |
| Cardiac cycle | Sequence of systole and diastole during heartbeat. |
| Systole | Heart contraction; blood pumped out; “lub” sound. |
| Diastole | Heart relaxation; chambers fill; “dub” sound. |
| AV valves | Tricuspid and mitral valves; prevent backflow into atria. |
| Semilunar valves | Aortic and pulmonary valves; prevent backflow into ventricles. |
| Blood pressure | Force of blood against vessel walls. |
| Gas exchange (lungs) | O2 enters blood; CO2 exits blood in alveoli. |
| Circulatory efficiency | Determined by heart structure and vessel organization. |