Movement of water, minerals, sugars, and hormones through xylem and phloem.

Specialized transport tissue composed of xylem and phloem.

Movement of sugars from source to sink through sieve tubes.

Organ producing sugars, usually leaves via photosynthesis.

Organ using or storing sugars, such as roots, fruits, or growing tissues.

Main sugar transported through phloem.

Living cells that load sugars into sieve tubes via active transport.

Main conducting cells of phloem; lack nuclei.

Active transport of sucrose into phloem at source.

Pressure-flow hypothesis

Sugars move from high to low pressure regions in phloem.

Water enters phloem due to high sugar concentration, generating pressure.

Sugars exit phloem at sink tissues for use or storage.

Phloem sap can move upward or downward depending on source–sink needs.

Xylem moves water upward; phloem moves sugars in any direction.

Transport through cell walls and spaces without crossing membranes.

Transport through cytoplasm via plasmodesmata.

Transport across multiple membranes; most controlled pathway.

Increase surface area for water and mineral absorption.

Pushes water upward when transpiration is low.

Continuous upward movement of water from roots to leaves.

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Biology 2 - C05 - 04

🧬📗1️⃣ Module 5 - Phloem Transport & Plant Circulation - SET 4

Question	Answer
Plant circulation	Movement of water, minerals, sugars, and hormones through xylem and phloem.
Vascular tissue	Specialized transport tissue composed of xylem and phloem.
Phloem transport	Movement of sugars from source to sink through sieve tubes.
Source (plants)	Organ producing sugars, usually leaves via photosynthesis.
Sink (plants)	Organ using or storing sugars, such as roots, fruits, or growing tissues.
Sucrose	Main sugar transported through phloem.
Companion cells	Living cells that load sugars into sieve tubes via active transport.
Sieve tube elements	Main conducting cells of phloem; lack nuclei.
Phloem loading	Active transport of sucrose into phloem at source.
Pressure-flow hypothesis	Sugars move from high to low pressure regions in phloem.
Osmotic pressure	Water enters phloem due to high sugar concentration, generating pressure.
Phloem unloading	Sugars exit phloem at sink tissues for use or storage.
Bidirectional flow	Phloem sap can move upward or downward depending on source–sink needs.
Xylem vs phloem	Xylem moves water upward; phloem moves sugars in any direction.
Apoplast route	Transport through cell walls and spaces without crossing membranes.
Symplast route	Transport through cytoplasm via plasmodesmata.
Transmembrane route	Transport across multiple membranes; most controlled pathway.
Root hairs	Increase surface area for water and mineral absorption.
Root pressure	Pushes water upward when transpiration is low.
Transpiration stream	Continuous upward movement of water from roots to leaves.

Created by: francisslavin002

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