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Biology 2 - C05 - 02

📗1️⃣ Module 5 - Animal Gas Exchange - SET 2

QuestionAnswer
Respiration Sequence of events enabling gas exchange between cells and environment.
External respiration Gas exchange between air and blood in lungs or gills.
Internal respiration Gas exchange between blood and tissue fluid.
Hydra gas exchange Simple diffusion across body surface; no respiratory organs.
Earthworm respiration Cutaneous respiration through moist, vascularized skin.
Gills Vascularized outgrowths for gas exchange in aquatic animals.
Gill filaments Thin structures increasing surface area for gas exchange.
Lamellae Microscopic projections on gill filaments for diffusion.
Concurrent flow Water and blood flow same direction; ~50% O2 extraction.
Countercurrent flow Water and blood flow opposite directions; up to 90% O2 extraction.
Tracheal system Insect respiratory system of tracheae delivering O2 directly to cells.
Spiracles External openings allowing air into insect tracheae.
Tracheae Chitin-lined tubes branching throughout insect body.
Tracheoles Fine tubes delivering O2 directly to individual cells.
Lungs Internal organs with alveoli for gas exchange in terrestrial vertebrates.
Alveoli Thin, moist air sacs surrounded by capillaries for diffusion.
Inhalation Diaphragm contracts; thoracic cavity expands; air enters lungs.
Exhalation Diaphragm relaxes; thoracic cavity decreases; air exits lungs.
Avian air sacs Nine air sacs enabling unidirectional airflow in birds.
Crosscurrent exchange Bird lung mechanism maximizing O2 uptake during flight.
Created by: francisslavin002
 

 



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