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chp12 anat/physio

QuestionAnswer
Endocrine system Body system that maintains homeostasis by regulating functions through hormones
Homeostasis Stable internal balance among body systems
Glands Organs that secrete hormones or other fluids
Hormones Chemical messengers that regulate body functions
Exocrine glands Glands that release substances through ducts to specific locations
Endocrine glands Glands that release hormones directly into the bloodstream
Pancreas Organ that functions as both an endocrine and exocrine gland
Hypothalamus Control center linking nervous and endocrine systems and regulating other glands
GHRH Stimulates release of growth hormone
GHIH Inhibits release of growth hormone
CRH Regulates release of ACTH
GnRH Regulates release of LH and FSH
TRH Regulates release of TSH
Pituitary gland Master gland that controls other endocrine glands
ACTH Stimulates cortisol production in adrenal glands
FSH Regulates reproductive processes and puberty
GH Stimulates body growth and development
LH Controls ovulation in females and testosterone in males
MSH Stimulates melanin production for skin pigmentation
Prolactin Stimulates milk production
TSH Stimulates thyroid gland function
ADH Helps kidneys retain water and constricts blood vessels
Oxytocin Stimulates childbirth contractions and milk release
Pineal gland Regulates sleep cycle
Melatonin Controls circadian rhythm
Thyroid gland Regulates metabolism and body temperature
Calcitonin Lowers blood calcium levels by storing calcium in bones
T3 Regulates metabolism and is more potent than T4
T4 Regulates metabolism and body temperature
Parathyroid glands Regulate calcium levels in blood
PTH Raises blood calcium levels
Thymus Involved in immune system development
Thymosin Promotes development of T cells
Adrenal cortex Outer layer regulating metabolism and fluids
Glucocorticoids Help metabolize carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
Cortisol Regulates blood glucose and metabolism
Mineralocorticoids Balance fluids and electrolytes
Aldosterone Regulates blood pressure and fluid balance
Adrenal medulla Inner layer responsible for stress response
Epinephrine Triggers fight-or-flight response
Norepinephrine Prepares body for stress and constricts blood vessels
Pancreas (endocrine role) Regulates blood glucose levels
Insulin Lowers blood glucose levels
Glucagon Raises blood glucose levels
Ovaries Produce eggs and female hormones
Estrogen Controls female traits and reproduction
Progesterone Prepares and maintains pregnancy
Testes Produce sperm and male hormones
Testosterone Controls male traits and sperm production
Created by: ush
 

 



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