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PSY Theoies of P #3
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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Operant conditioning involves learning in which behavior is influenced by | consequences contingent upon a response |
| A primary reinforcer is | naturally desirable because it fulfills a basic need |
| Money and grades are examples of | secondary reinforcers |
| I am learning how to make my grandmother's apple pie. She is insistent that I cut the apples in paper-thin slices. She starts by praising chunky slices at first then for cutting thinner slices and eventually for paper-thin slices. | shaping |
| According to Skinner, personality is defined as | a pattern of behaviors |
| The main criticism of radical behaviorism in personality is that radical behaviorism: | fails to account for language or creativity |
| Bobby's friends always laugh when he makes jokes. The longer they know each other, the more often Bobby makes jokes. Based on this example, Bobby's friends are likely providing which of the following principles are Bobby's friends using? | positive reinforcement |
| Tracy was bullied by an older girl at her elementary school for her stutter. Now Tracy is very quiet and is afraid of being ridiculed again. Tracy's shyness is most likely due to: | generalization |
| I am learning how to make my grandmother's pie. She walks me through each step, recognizing that the previous step must be completed before the next can begin. I must place the crust in the dish followed by the filling and the topping before baking it. | chaining |
| My coffee maker takes 8 minutes for coffee. Some days I get reinforced for checking the machine after 6 minutes (get my coffee), and other days it isn't until I check the machine until after 10 minutes. My coffee maker runs on which of the reinforcement? | variable interval |
| In the CAPS model, Cognitive Affective Units (CAUs), include all of the following EXCEPT: | genetic factors |
| This term is used when a person holds beliefs that do not agree with each other | Fragmentation corollary |
| The consistency paradox highlights the discrepancy between | intuition and research |
| In the marshmallow experiment, delay of gratification was more difficult when: | the reward was visible |
| The desirability of an outcome based on personal goals/values, refers to: | subjective stimulus value |
| Slot movement refers to | abrupt change from one pole of a construct to its opposite |
| Constructive alternativism assumes that | people can interpret the world in multiple ways |
| According to Kelly, a personal construct is | a person's concept for predicting events |
| The Fundamental Postulate states that people | anticipate events based on prior experience |
| A self-efficacy expectancy refers to | belief about whether one can perform a behavior |
| The actualizing tendency refers to | the urge to grow, develop, and mature |
| The inner sense that guides individuals toward growth and healthy choices is called | organismic valuing process |
| Maslow referred to safety, esteem, physiological, and belongingness needs as | deficiency needs |
| Being motivation "B" is important when | basic needs are satisfied |
| Which of the following is the most fundamental need in Maslow's hierarchy? | physiological |
| Which of the following best aligns with Rogers's concept of healthy personality development? | Unconditional positive regard |
| According to Rogers, successful relationships are characterized by | mutual trust and honest communication |
| Conditions of worth occur when | love and acceptance depend on meeting expectations |
| Self-actualization is best described as | the process of fulfilling one's potential |
| Maslow believed that self-actualization occurs in roughly | less than 1% of people |
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