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Study Stack Ch. 12
Mr. King Chapter 12 Study Stack
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Legally Blind | A person is considered legally blind when their vision cannot be corrected to better than 20/200 in their better eye, or they have a very limited field of vision (20 degrees or less) even with corrective lenses like glasses or contacts. |
| Low Vision | A visual impairment where a person’s eyesight is significantly reduced but not completely absent, even after using glasses, contacts, or medical treatment. |
| Braille | A tactile reading and writing system used by individuals who are blind or have very limited vision. It is made up of raised dots arranged in patterns that represent letters, numbers, punctuation, and even whole words. |
| Cornea | A transparent cover in front of the iris and pupil. |
| Aqueous Humor | A watery substance between the cornea and lens of the eye. |
| Pupil | The contractile opening in the middle of the iris, the colored portion of the eye that contract or expands, depending on the amount of light striking it. |
| Lens | Refines and changes the focus of the light rays before they pass through the Vitreous Humor |
| Vitreous Humor | A transparent gelatinous substance that fills the eyeball between the retina and lens. |
| Retina | The back portion of the eye, containing nerve fibers connected to the optic nerve. |
| Optic Nerve | Carries the information back to the brain. |
| Snellen Chart | A tool used to measure a person’s visual acuity (sharpness of vision). It’s the chart you usually see at the eye doctor with rows of letters that get smaller from top to bottom. |
| Visual Acuity | The clarity or sharpness of a person’s vision—how well someone can see fine details, especially at a distance. |
| Functional Vision Assessment | An evaluation that looks at how a person actually uses their vision in everyday life, rather than just measuring eye sharpness or clarity. |
| Refraction | The process of measuring how light bends as it passes through the eye to determine if a person needs glasses or contact lenses. |
| Myopia | Nearsightedness, a vision condition where a person can see things up close clearly but objects in the distance appear blurry. |
| Hyperopia | Farsightedness, a vision condition where a person can see distant objects clearly but has difficulty focusing on objects that are close. |
| Astigmatism | A common vision problem where the cornea or lens is irregularly shaped, causing distorted or blurred vision at both near and far distances. |
| Glaucoma | A group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve, usually due to high pressure inside the eye, and can lead to vision loss or blindness if untreated. |
| Cataracts | A condition in which the lens of the eye becomes cloudy, making vision blurry, dim, or less colorful. |
| Diabetic Retinopathy | An eye condition that occurs in people with diabetes, where high blood sugar damages the blood vessels in the retina, the part of the eye that senses light. |
| Cortical Visual Impairment (CVI) | A type of vision impairment caused by damage or dysfunction in the brain, not the eyes themselves. |
| Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) | An eye condition that affects premature infants, caused by abnormal growth of blood vessels in the retina. |
| Optic Nerve Hypoplasia (ONH) | A condition in which the optic nerve is underdeveloped, leading to vision impairment or blindness. |
| Retinitis Pigmentosa | A group of genetic eye disorders that cause the gradual breakdown of the retina, leading to progressive vision loss. |
| Tunnel Vision | A vision condition where a person loses most of their peripheral (side) vision and can only see what is directly in front of them, like looking through a narrow tunnel. |
| Night Blindness | A vision condition where a person has difficulty seeing in low light or darkness. |
| Strabismus | A condition in which a person’s eyes do not align properly and point in different directions. |
| Nystagmus | A vision condition in which a person’s eyes move involuntarily and rapidly, often side to side, up and down, or in a circular pattern. |
| Orientation and Mobility (O and M) | Refers to the skills and training that help individuals who are blind or visually impaired move safely and independently in their environment. |
| Cognitive Mapping | The process of mentally creating a map of your environment to understand where things are and how to get from one place to another. |
| Obstacle Sense | The ability of a person, especially someone who is blind or visually impaired, to detect objects or barriers in their path and avoid them while moving. |
| Echolocation | A technique where a person uses sound to understand their surroundings. |
| Phonological Awareness | The ability to recognize and work with the sounds of spoken language, including words, syllables, and individual sounds (phonemes). |
| Stereotypic Behaviors | Repetitive, nonfunctional movements or actions often seen in individuals with developmental or sensory disabilities. |
| Expanded Core Curriculum (ECC) | A set of specialized skills and knowledge areas that students who are blind or visually impaired need in addition to the regular school curriculum. |
| Unified English Braille (UEB) | The standardized system of Braille used for reading and writing English. |
| Large-Print Books | Books printed with bigger letters than usual to make reading easier for people with low vision. |
| Magnifying Devices | Tools that enlarge text or images to help people with low vision see more clearly. |
| Long Cane | A tool used by people who are blind or visually impaired to travel safely and independently. |
| Tactile Maps | Maps designed to be read by touch for people who are blind or visually impaired. |
| Barille Notetakers | Electronic devices that allow people who are blind or visually impaired to take notes, read, and access information using Braille. |
| NFB-Newsline | A service that provides access to newspapers and magazines for people who are blind or visually impaired. |
| Descriptive Video Service | A service that adds audio descriptions to movies, TV shows, or videos for people who are blind or visually impaired. |
| Screen Readers | Software programs that read aloud the text on a computer, tablet, or smartphone for people who are blind or visually impaired. |
| Itinerant Teacher Service | A program where a specialized teacher travels to different schools or students’ homes to provide instruction and support for children with visual impairments. |
| Curriculum Based Measurement (CBM) | A way for teachers to regularly check a student’s progress in learning the school curriculum. |
| Accessible Pedestrian Signals (APS) | Devices installed at crosswalks to help people who are blind or visually impaired cross streets safely. |
Created by:
chandlerhayes14