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Healthcare Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Drug Incompatibilities | listed in drug package inserts and drug references. Consider all drugs incompatible unless otherwise stated. |
| Hypodermic | “under the skin”, injections |
| Parenteral | Medications delivered via a needle |
| Parenteral Mix | Two or more compatible liquid meds combined in one syringe for injection. |
| Administration Set | another term for IV tubing may be used by gravity or with an electronic infusion pump |
| Bolus | fluids or concentrated medication given by IV route over a relatively short period of time |
| Continuous IV infusion | IV solution that flows continuously (until further notice) |
| DF | drop factor number of drops per mL delivered through various sizes of IV tubing gtt/mL or drops/mL |
| Electronic Infusion Pump | electronic positive pressure pump that delivers fluid and/or medication at a preselected rate |
| Flow rate | rate at which fluid is delivered by IV infusion devices mL/h |
| Infusion line, primary | main IV line or lines connected to a patient |
| Intermittent infusions | usually small-volume infusions (up to 250 mL) of IV solutions with medication added delivered at intervals |
| IVPB | small volume infusion (50 mL to 250 mL) infused through a short secondary tubing line that is "piggybacked" to a port on a primary line |
| IV push | IV medication intermittent bolus dose of 1 to 50 mL usually administered by manual direct injection with a syringe (sometimes via an infusion pump) |
| KVO, TKO | Keep vein open, to keep open a flow rate order that may be given for a minimum rate that will keep the IV line patent and prevent coagulation |
| Macrodrip | 10 drops/mL, 15 drops/mL, 20 drops/mL or 10 gtt/mL, 15 gtt/mL, 20 gtt/mL 10 drops/mL is the most common |
| Microdrip | gravity IV infusion tubing set that has a narrow diameter to deliver small drops and slower flow rates pediatric tubing 60 drops/mL or 60 gtt/mL |
| Parenteral Fluids | fluids administered outside of the digestive tract |
| Patency | state of being open and unblocked sites are checked at each visit to bedside to ensure that the ordered fluids and medications are flowing into the vein and not into the tissue |
| PCA pump | patient controlled analgesia pump |
| Saline Lock | resealable access device that permits additional IV lines or medications to be added into or on primary IV |
| Volume-Control Burette Device | transparent, calibrated small-volume container, with a capacity of 100 mL to 150 mL that is manually connected to an IV line just below the the main IV line solution container |
| Central Venous Line | Central venous sites for large blood volume sites |
| IV Filters | Used in some IV medication lines to prevent contaminants, particles, and clots from reach the patient circulations |
| Peak and Trough Levels | serum levels of drugs delivered from blood samples drawn 30 minutes before the next dose is due and/or 30 minutes after administer (peak) of IV drugs and 1-2 hours after oral drugs (peak) |
| Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter | PICC a form of intravenous access that can be used for a prolonged time (chemotherapy, extended antibiotic therapy, total parenteral nutrition) or to administer substances that should not be given peripherally because of vascular irritation |
| Titrated Medication | flexible drug order for dose adjustments to achieve desired therapeutic result (such as urinary output, systolic or diastolic blood pressure or glucose lebel) |
| Vascular Implanted Devices | VAD - vascular access device surgically implanted, subcutaneous, self-sealing injection ports that can tolerate repeated access with a special Huber needle |
| Intradermal Injections | 0.1 mL is the usual skin test dose administered with a 1 mL syringe with a 26- to 29-gauge needle Shallow angle used (15°) |
| Subcutaneous Injections | Non-irritating substances up to 1 mL 25- to 31-gauge needle, ⅝" or ½" long Give at 45° or 90° angl |
| Intramuscular Injection: | Inject substances up to 3 mL 20- to 23-gauge needle, 1" to 2" long Given at 72° or 90° angle |
| 0.9% NaCl | NS |
| 0.45% NaCl | 1/2 NS |
| Lactated Ringer's | LR |
| 5% dextrose in water | D5W |
| 10% dextrose in Lactated Ringer's | D10LR |
| An order of D5W at 75 mL/h to run until further notice is an example of a (or an) ____ infusion. | continuous |
| An order for a small volume of fluid such as 100 mL to infuse over 30 minutes is an example of a (or an) ________ infusion. | intermittent |
| A medication given into an existing IV line over a brief period of time (few minutes) is a (or an) _____ and is given via IV push. | bolus |
| When giving IV infusions with an electronic IV pump, the infusion rate is ALWAYS set in | mL/h |
| When giving IV infusions by gravity infusion, the infusion rate is ALWAYS set in | gtt/min |
| three purposes of IV fluids | daily maintenance of fluid and electrolytes replace deficits administer nutrients and medications |
| Maintenance IV fluids , for a patient who is NPO, are usually | 75 mL/ h to 125 ml/h |
| A rough guideline for determining the volume at which the alarm should sound is to subtract __ from the total volume for faster infusing rates and ___ for slower rates. | 50 mL and 25 mL |
| KCl stands for | potassium chloride |
| KCl is never administered what | undiluted |
| Do not inject KCl directly into a | hanging solution bag |
| List the side effects of KCL if it is administered improperly: | vessel damage cardiac arrest tissue necrosis |
| What size syringe is appropriate for IV push medication? | 10 mL |
| 1 oz | 30 mL |
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