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chapter 12
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| braille | system of raised dots by which people who are blind read with their fingertips. |
| cornea | a transparent cover in front of the iris and pupil. |
| aqueous humor | a watery substance between the cornea and lens of the eye |
| pupil | the contractile opening in the middle of the iris. |
| iris, | the colored portion of the eye that contracts or expands, depending on the amount of light striking it |
| lens, | which refines and changes the focus of the light rays before they pass through the vitreous humor |
| vitreous humor | a transparent gelatinous substance that fills the eyeball between the retina and lens |
| retina | the back portion of the eye, containing nerve fibers connected to the optic nerve. |
| optic nerve | which carries the information back to the brain |
| Visual acuity | most often measured with the Snellen chart. |
| Snellen chart, | which consists of rows of letters |
| functional vision assessment | involves observing the student interacting in different environments |
| Refraction | refers to the bending of the light rays as they pass through the various structures of the eye. Myopia |
| Myopia | nearsightedness |
| hyperopia | farsightedness, |
| astigmatism | (blurred vision) |
| Glaucoma | actually a group of eye diseases that cause damage to the optic nerve |
| Cataracts | are caused by a clouding of the lens of the eye, which results in blurred vision |
| diabetic retinopathy | condition that results from interference with the blood supply to the retina |
| cortical visual impairment | occurs in the brain, |
| retinopathy of prematurity | occurs in the eye, |
| optic nerve hypoplasia | occurs in nerve cells between the eye and the brain |
| Retinitis pigmentosa | is a hereditary condition that results in degeneration of the retina. |
| tunnel vision | Retinitis pigmentosa usually causes the field of vision to narrow |
| night blindness | affects one's ability to see in low light |
| Strabismus | condition in which one or both eyes are directed inward (crossed eyes) or outward |
| Nystagmus | is a condition in which rapid involuntary movements of the eyes occur, usually resulting in dizziness and nausea. |
| cognitive mapping | which can help them navigate through their environment |
| echolocation, | which is the ability to detect objects in the environment by auditory echoes |
| phonological awareness | an important component of learning to read braille as well as print |
| Expanded Core Curriculum (ECC) | the ECC is a recognition that students with blindess need more time |
| Unified English Braille (UEB), | was developed as a way of combining these codes |
| large-print books | Figure 12.3 shows print in 18-point and 24-point type, two of the most popular sizes for large-print materials. |
| magnifying devices | instead of, or in addition to, large-print books |
| long cane | because it's much longer than the canes typically used for support or balance. |
| braille notetakers | can serve the same function as the Perkins Brailler or slate and stylus, but they offer additional speech-synthesizer and word-processing capabilities. |
| NFB-Newsline | free service available through the NFB that allows individuals to access magazines and newspapers 24 hours a day from any touchtone telephone. |
| Descriptive Video Service | inserts a narrated description of key visual features of programs on television. It is also available in some movie theaters as well as some movies on DVD. |
| itinerant teacher service | qualified specialist who travels between multiple schools, districts, or student homes to provide specialized, direct instruction, consultative services, and support to students with disabilities or specific needs |
| Accessible pedestrian signals (APSs) | (APSs) alert people who are blind to when it is safe to walk across an intersection. |
Created by:
jharlow1