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SCEIENCE
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is radiation | Radiation is energy that travels through space as waves. |
| What are some examples of energy that travels by radiation? | Visible light, ultraviolet (UV) light, X-rays, and radio waves. |
| What happens to solar energy that reaches Earth? | About 70% is absorbed by land, oceans, and the atmosphere. The rest is reflected back into space. |
| What do clouds, dust, water droplets, and gas molecules in the atmosphere do to radiation from the sun? | They disrupt and scatter the radiation. |
| What is scattering? (And what are its effects?) | Scattering is when particles in the atmosphere change the direction of sunlight. Sunlight reaches Earth’s surface from all directions. The sky looks blue. The sun looks red at sunset. |
| When solar energy reaches Earth’s surface, what can happen to it? | It is either absorbed or reflected. |
| What is albedo? | Albedo is the fraction of solar radiation that is reflected by a surface. |
| Which surfaces have a higher albedo? | Light-colored surfaces like snow (they reflect more light). |
| What happens to solar radiation that is not reflected? | It is absorbed by rocks, soil, water, and other surface materials. |
| What is the greenhouse effect? | The warming of Earth’s surface and lower atmosphere because greenhouse gases (like carbon dioxide and water vapor) absorb and reradiate infrared radiation (heat). |
| How are humans impacting the greenhouse effect? | We are increasing the greenhouse effect by activities like burning fossil fuels, which add more greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. |
| Does the sun heat all places on Earth equally? Why or why not? | No. Radiation from the sun does not heat Earth equally at all places or all times. |
| What is the primary factor that affects how much solar energy reaches a point on Earth’s surface? | Latitude (distance from the equator). |
| Where do the sun’s rays strike Earth at the greatest angle | At the equator |
| What happens when sunlight hits Earth’s surface at an angle smaller than 90°? | The energy is spread out over a larger area, so it is less intense (weaker heating). |
| Why does temperature vary with the seasons? | Because of the tilt of Earth’s axis, which changes the angle and intensity of sunlight during the year. |
| How does water vapor affect temperature in a region? | Water vapor stores energy, so areas with more moisture cool down and heat up more slowly. |
| What happens in deserts and high elevations with dry air? | They get very warm during the day and cool quickly at night because there is little water vapor to store heat |
| How does being close to a large body of water affect a location’s temperature? | Places near large bodies of water have more moderate temperatures: Not as hot during the day or in summer. Not as cold at night or in winter. Because water heats and cools more slowly than land. |
| What is conduction? | Conduction is the direct transfer of heat from one object to another when they touch. |
| How does conduction affect Earth’s temperature? | Conduction heats the air right next to Earth’s surface where the air touches the ground or water. |
| What is convection? | Convection is the transfer of heat through a fluid (liquid or gas) by warm material rising and cool material sinking. |
| How does convection affect Earth’s temperature and weather? | Convection creates pressure differences that cause winds and ocean currents, which move heat around Earth. |
Created by:
Elise43