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ARCH TECH
LECTURE 10 INFO
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is passive design? | Designing buildings to reduce energy demand using form, orientation, and materials before adding mechanical systems. |
| What is they key shift in passive design thinking? | Solve problems through design instead of relying on mechanical systems. |
| What does passive design control? | Heat (gain, loss and storage), air (movement, ventilation), light (daylighting, glare), moisture (condensation, durability) |
| What should be considered first passive design? | Climate |
| What questions should designers ask about climate? | Heating or cooling dominated? Seasonal variation? Solar availability? prevailing winds? |
| How do passive strategies differ by climate? | Cold: capture and retain heat Hot: reject and dissipate heat Mixed: balance and adapt |
| What is the best building oriention in the northern hemisphere? | Maximize southern exposure |
| Why should east/west glazing be minimized? | It is difficult to shade |
| What is an effective massing strategy? | Elongate the build east and west |
| What is the daylighting depth rule of thumb? | approx. 2-2.5 x floor to ceiling height |
| Why is orientation important? | It is the lowest cost, highest impact design decision. |
| What is the winter solar strategy? | Allow sun in for passive heating |
| What is summer solar strategy? | Block high angle sun |
| What are tools for solar control? | Overhangs, louvers, setbacks, and vegetation |
| What are the four control layers of the envelope? | Thermal, air, vapor, water |
| What are key passive priorities for envelopes? | Continuous insulation, minimize thermal bridges, and high performance glazing |
| What does thermal mass do? | Absorbs heat, stores heat, and releases it later |
| When does thermal mass work best? | With temperature swings and solar gain or night cooling |
| When is thermal mass ineffective? | Not exposed to interior, no temperature variation, no exposure to sun or air |
| What is cross ventilation? | Air movement through openings on opposite sides. |
| What is stack ventilation? | Warm air rises and exits high while cool air enters low |
| What is more important than plan for ventilation? | Section |
| What architectural elements help ventilation? | Atria, shafts, and double height spaces |
| What are goals of daylighting? | Reduce artificial lighting and improve spatial quality. |
| What are key daylighting strategies? | shallow floor plates, light shelves, clerestories, and diffuse light |
| How should shading be integrated? | Into facade, structure, and massing |
| Examples of architectural shading? | Deep windows reveals, screens, balconies |
| Does passive design eliminate mechanical systems? | No it reduces and simplifies them |
| What is the correct design sequence? | Reduce demand and then design systems |
| Why is acoustic design important? | It is a major source of occupant dissatisfaction and hard to fix after construction. |
| Where is acoustics especially critical? | Multi-family housing, offices, schools, and mass timber buildings |
| What is airborne sound? | Sound travelling through air (speech or music) |
| How is airborne sound measured? | STC (Sound transmission class) |
| What is the impact of airborne sound? | Vibrations from contact (footsteps, and objects) |
| How is sound measured? | IIC (impact insulation class) |
| What does a higher STC rating mean? | Better sound isolation |
| What happens at low STC value ( approx. 25-30? | Speech is easily understood |
| What happens at high STC values (approx. 55 +) | Sounds are barely heard |
| How does mass affect sound insulation? | Heavier materials improve sound isolation |
| Which materials perform better acoustically? | Concrete- CLT - light wood frame |
| What is flanking transmission? | Sound travelling around assemblies through adjacent elements. |
| Common flanking paths? | Floor to wall, floor to floor, ceiling to wall junctions |
| What are the four main acoustic strategies? | 1. add mass 2. decouple 3. absorb 4. dampen |
| What does decoupling do? | Breaks vibration paths (doubel stud walls) |
| What does absorption do? | Reduces resonance using insulation |
| What does damping do? | Reduces vibration amplitude |
| Why are floors critical in acoustics? | They are the dominant flanking path |
| What are common floor issues? | Continuous subfloor, poor joist alignment, and no topping |
| Why are single stud walls poor acoustically? | They transfer vibration easily |
| What wall type performs best? | Double stud wall |
| What is highly effective for sound control? | Resilient channels |
| What is the most important passive design principle? | Reduce demand before adding systems |
| What is the most important acoustic principle? | Break vibration paths and control flanking |
| Why is acoustics often overlooked? | It is not easily visible in drawings |
Created by:
averylumgair