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digestive system

QuestionAnswer
overall function of the digestive system break down food into small nutrients for energy, growth, and repair
organs of the alimentary canal mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, rectum, anus
accessory organs of the digestive system salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
ingestion food enters mouth
mastication chewing
propulsion movement through digestive tract
deglutition voluntary propulsion (swallowing)
peristalsis involuntary propulsion
oral phase voluntary; tongue pushes bolus into oropharynx
pharyngeal phase involuntary; uvula and soft palate close nasopharynx; food moves to esophagus
esophageal phase involuntary; initiation of peristalsis; LES opens and food moves into stomach
mechanical digestion breakdown into smaller pieces
chemical digestion yields chemical building blocks
absorption nutrients and water enter the bloodstream
defecation undigested materials removed as feces
major food substrates and their products after chemical digestion carbs: glucose proteins: amino acids fats: fatty acids and glycerol nucleic acids: pentose sugars, phosphates, glycerol
what are the four tissues of the alimentary canal mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa/adventitia
tissue composition of mucosa simple columnar epithelium in stomach and intestines; NK stratified squamous oral to esophagus + lower anal canal
mucosa includes stratified squamous epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae
lamina propria loose CT, MALT
muscularis mucosae thin smooth muscle, tenses mucosa to enhance SA
function of mucosa secretes mucus, digestive enzymes, and hormones; absorbs digested nutrients, protects against infection
submucosa thicker loose ct
Created by: jamjagten
 

 



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