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Middle Ages

Europe

QuestionAnswer
1. What were the Crusades? A long series of wars between Christians and Muslims who fought for the Holy Land.
2. What was another name for the Crusades? Holy wars or mission
3. How many crusades were there? Nine
4. What is another name for the middle ages? The Medieval ages
5. What were the medieval ages? They refer to the middle age. This time period had many wars.
6. What is chivalry? The code of honorable behavior for medieval knights.
7. What is another name for chivalry? Knightly honor
8. What is Parliament? The lawmaking body that governs Europe.
9. What is the root word in "parliament"? "Parl" which means "to talk" or "to speak"
10. What does excommunicate mean? to cast out from the church
11. What does the prefix "ex" mean? "out, away, or from"
12. Who was Saladin? A Muslim general who led the Muslim forces in the 3rd Crusade.
13. Who is the Pope? The head of the Catholic church
14. Who is the current pope? Pope Leo XIV
15. Who was Charlemagne? King of the Franks; he was a brilliant warrior and a strong leader.
16. Who was Thomas Aquinas? He was a Dominican philosopher who eventually became a saint.
17. What was the philosophy of Thomas Aquinas? He believed that thinking logically could help show that Christian beliefs are true.
18. Who was Benedict? Benedict was an Italian saint and monk who created a set of rules for monks to follow.
19. Who was King Richard? He was a king of England who led Christian soldiers in the Crusade. He earned respect from his enemies for being brave and fair.
20. What was Magna Carta? A document signed in 1215 by King John; it required the king to honor certain rights- kind of like our Constitution.
21. What was the Hundred Years' War? A long conflict between England and France that occurred from 1337-1403.
22. What was the Black Death? A deadly plague that swept through Europe between 1347-1351.
23. Who was William the Conqueror? A powerful French noble who conquered England and brought feudalism there.
24. After Rome collapsed, what happened to Western Europe? It socially, economically, and politically declined.
25. Europe is the _________ of peninsulas. Peninsula
26. Europe consists of _______ smaller peninsulas. many
27. What does the word "topography" mean? The physical features of the land's surface
28. What are some examples of topography? mountains, rivers, etc.
29. When was the Middle Ages? 500-1500 A.D.
30. What is the Latin term for the Middle Ages? medieval
31. Who migrated into the Roman Empire around 300 A.D.? Huns and Germanic tribes
32. Who settled in the European river valleys? Lombards
33. Who moved across the North Sea to the British Isles? Angles, Saxons, and Jutes
34. In 486, which Frankish leader defeated the Roman army? Clovis I
35. In the 530s, who controlled much of the land in Gaul and Germany? the Franks
36. Charles Martel united the Frankish lands under his rule when? 717 A.D.
37. What was Charles Martel's most important victory? The Battle of Tours
38. When was the Battle of Tours? 732 A.d.
39. What happened in the Battle of Tours? Charles Martel and the Franks defeated a Muslim army from Spain.
40. Who was Charles Martel's grandson? Charlemagne
41. When did Charlemagne become king of the Franks? 768 A.D.
42. What was another name for Charlemagne? Charles the Great
43. By what year did Charlemagne build an empire in what is now France, Germany, and Italy? 800 A.D.
44. How long did Charlemagne reign for? 46 years
45. What did Charlemagne fight for? To increase power and territory for the Franks
46. What did his victories do? Reunited much of the original western Roman empire.
47. How was Charlemagne like other kings? He appointed and checked on powerful nobles who ruled local regions.
48. What effect did Charlemagne's feelings about education have? It caused people to be better educated.
49. Charlemagne was a devout what? Christian
50. How did Charlemagne use his power? He spread Christianity and expanded his territory (empire).
51. In 800, Pope Leo III crowned who emperor? Charlemagne
52. Under Constantine, the emperor had authority over what? the Church (Catholic)
53. By Pope Leo III crowning Charlemagne, what did it demonstrate? That the church had the power to name the emperor, which strengthened the Church's power.
54. Who took the throne in 814 A.D.? Charlemagne's son, Louis I.
55. Which treaty split Charlemagne's empire into three parts? The Treaty of Verdun
56. When did Charlemagne die? 814 A.D.
57. kings had complete control of the feudal system
58. kings controlled all land
59. only _____ the kin trusted received land men
60. kings required the people they gave land to, _______ an oath swear
61. kings had to remain __________ to the king at all times faithful
62. What was land called that was leased from the king? A manor
63. What three things did the nobles who leased land have to do in return? Serve on the royal council, pay rent, and provide the king with knights.
64. Lords created their own ______ system, minted their own _______, and set their own taxes. law and money
65. The nobles kept most of their land, but they divided the rest among whom? Their knights and vassals
66. What is a vassal? A person in the feudal system granted land (a fief) by a lord in exchange for services.
67. What is a fief? Granted land from a lord to his vassal
68. Who did vassals have to perform duties for? Their lord
69. The relationship between lords and vassals made up a big part of what structures of the feudal system? political and social
70. All nobles were ultimately vassals of who? The king
71. Almost all ______ were knights. Nobles
72. When did training for knighthood begin? Age 7
73. At what age did trainee knights become squires? Age 15
74. Who trained squires? Other knights
75. Those deemed worthy were _________ knights. dubbed
76. After they served the lords, knights were given what? Land
77. Knights had to perform what kind of service for this land? military
78. Knights had to protect the ______, his _________, and the ________. Lord, family, manor
79. How many groups of workers were there on the manor? Two
80. Who were skilled workers who paid rent and could leave when they wanted? Freemen
81. Freemen usually had a ______ others needed on the manor. Skill
82. Who were workers bound to the land by contract with the nobles? Serfs
83. Serfs had no _______. Freedom
84. Serfs were considered the noble's _________. Property
85. Because they were property, serfs could not do what? Leave the manor
86. What was the feudal contract? a reciprocal agreement in medieval Europe between a lord and his vassal; it was often an oral agreement
87. What was the lord obligated to do in the feudal contract? give protection and land to his vassals
88. What were the vassals and knights required to do in the feudal contract? give service to their lord
89. Who were the Knights Templar? A highly disciplined and wealthy military order of monks founded in 1118 to protect Christian Crusaders to the Holy Land.
90. Who organized their downfall? King Philip the Fair of France
91. Why did King Philip of France go after the Knights Templar? They had too much money and power.
92. What religion were the Knights Templar? Catholic
93. How did King Philip cause the downfall of the Knights Templar? He accused them of heresy; they were tortured and many confessed.
94. The Knights Templar were known for what besides their role as warrior monks? Their banking/financial network
95. Who was Otto the Great? A German king (936-973) who made alliances with other German nobles and persuaded the pope to crown him emperor in 962.
96. Who was Pope Gregory VII? He believed the emperor should not have power over the Church; he issued a list of rules declaring supreme authority over the Church and non-church (secular) leaders.
97. Who excommunicated Henry IV? Pope Gregory VII
98. When did Pope Gregory VII die? 1105 A.D.
99. Who was Henry IV? The Holy Roman Emperor in 1073
100. What did Henry IV do? He ignored Pope Gregory's rules and tried to have him removed as pope, which caused his excommunication.
101. How did Henry IV handle his excommunication? He begged the pope for three days to forgive him. The pope did.
102. What did Henry IV do later on, after his excommunication was forgiven? He forced the pope out of Rome.
103. Who was King Henry II? born 1154-1189, he was king of England
104. What did King Henry II do in 1162? He appointed Thomas Becket to be the archbishop of Canterbury
105. What did King Henry want? To expand royal power.
106. To whom did Thomas Becket show loyalty? The Church over the king/state
107. What did Thomas Becket do? Excommunicated King Henry II
108. King Henry was so ______ that some knights believed the king called for Becket's ______. Mad; death
109. What did the knights who traveled to Canterbury do? They murdered the archbishop (Thomas Becket).
Created by: user-2029556
 

 



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